CT images were acquired using six different CT scanners from four institutions. All patients received a preoperative abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan. Contrast-enhanced CT examinations in Institution I were conducted using three CT scanners, including a 64-slice and a 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare), as well as a 16-slice CT scanner (Toshiba Medical System). In Institution II, the CT scans were performed using two CT scanners, including a 64-slice CT scanner (Siemens Healthineers) and a 16-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare). The CT scans in Institution III were undertaken using a 64-slice CT scanner (GE Healthcare). The CT scans in Institution IV were conducted using a 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare). Mean acquisition parameters in the four institutions were: tube voltage of 120 kev (100–130 kev), tube current of 213 mAs (125–300 mAs), pitch of 0.6 to 1.25 mm, slice thickness of 3 to 5 mm, and reconstruction interval of 3 to 5 mm. The contrast agents (Bayer Schering Pharma) were bolus-injected (1.5 mL/kg) at the rate of 2.5–3.5 ml/s with a high-pressure syringe. CT scans of the arterial phase and portal venous phase were carried out at 25 to 35 seconds and 55 to 75 seconds after injection, respectively.
256 slice ct scanner
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States, Netherlands
The 256-slice CT scanner is a medical imaging device manufactured by Philips. It uses advanced X-ray technology to capture detailed, high-resolution images of the body. The scanner is capable of taking up to 256 images per rotation, allowing for rapid and comprehensive imaging of the patient.
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Lab products found in correlation
Xenetix 300, by Guerbet (2 mentions)
64 slice ct scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
64 slice ct scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
16 slice ct scanner, by Philips (1 mentions)
16 slice ct scanner, by Toshiba (1 mentions)
Lightspeed plus, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Aquilion 16 slice ct scanner, by Toshiba (1 mentions)
Somatom definition 64 slice ct scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Brightspeed, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Idose4, by Philips (1 mentions)
12 protocols using 256 slice ct scanner
1
Multicenter Abdominal CT Imaging Protocol
2
Multi-Center CT Imaging Protocols
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As shown in Figure 2 , 62 patients from Harbin (Heilongjiang Province) were scanned using a 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, US), 30 patients from Shuangyashan (Heilongjiang Province) were scanned with a Somatom Balance CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany), 27 patients from the Uygur autonomous region (Xinjiang Province) were examined with LightSpeed Plus (GE, Medical System, Milwaukee, USA), 21 patients from Chengdu (Sichuan Province) were examined with a 128-slice dual-source CT (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany), and 10 patients from Xinxiang (Henan Province) were imaged with a Somatom definition 64 slice CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). Twenty-five patients from Ankang (Shaanxi Province) were imaged with 16 slice, Optimal CT 520 (GE, Medical System, Milwaukee, USA), 34 patients from Langfang (Hebei Province) were imaged with BrightSpeed (GE, Medical System, Milwaukee, USA), and 12 patients from Tianjin (Hebei Province) were imaged with Aquilion 16 slice CT scanner (TOSHIBA, Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). All these CT images were reconstructed into a slice thickness of 1.0–5.0 mm. Scan were performed in the supine position during end-inspiration.
3
CT Imaging and Histological Correlation of Intracranial Calcifications
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The 16 patients were scanned on a Philips Brilliance 64-slice or 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) from the skull base to the vertex. Tube voltage was either 120kVp or 140kVp and tube current ranged between 200–250 mAs. For adequate detection of the subtle/thin calcifications only non-contrast enhanced CT’s were used with slice thickness between 0,625 and 1mm. The image quality was assessed and all images were deemed to be of good/adequate quality without evident artefacts (beam hardening, photon starvation, noise) that could potentially influence image evaluation. Images were assessed in bone setting (Center: 300 Hounsfield Units–Width: 1600 Hounsfield Units) in all planes (axial, sagittal and coronal).
Calcifications in the iICA on CT were analysed in concordance with the 142 histological slides. The location of the histological slide in the iICA was registered and with this information the corresponding CT slide could be approximated by using multiplanar reconstruction in any direction. Both the histological slide and corresponding CT image were then displayed side by side to allow for adequate comparison (Figs1 and 2 ).
Calcifications in the iICA on CT were analysed in concordance with the 142 histological slides. The location of the histological slide in the iICA was registered and with this information the corresponding CT slide could be approximated by using multiplanar reconstruction in any direction. Both the histological slide and corresponding CT image were then displayed side by side to allow for adequate comparison (Figs
4
3D Aneurysm Geometry Reconstruction
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CTA scans were acquired within 1 month (Table 2 ) from the US acquisition as part of regular clinical practice using a 256 slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands), with a slice thickness of 3 mm. Hemodyn post-processing software (Philips Medical System and Eindhoven University of technology, the Netherlands) was used to semi-automatically obtain the 3D geometries of the aneurysm (7 (link)). With this software, the lumen-wall interface was segmented using a 3D active contour. In case intraluminal thrombus was present, the thrombus-wall interface and lumen-wall interface were segmented. Small manual adaptations were made after the segmentation process.
5
Pediatric Cervical Spine CT Analysis
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The study was approved by the local ethics committee (decision no: 2020.06.2.05.08). Between 2012 and 2020, records of 4–12 years old patients who were admitted to our hospital for trauma and neck pain and who underwent cervical 3D CT examination were screened. All CT images were acquired using a high-resolution CT scanner (256-slice CT scanner, Philips, Netherlands). We accepted that images with a slice thickness of 1.5 ml or less were sufficient. Exclusion criteria: Children under 4 and over 12 years old, cases with fracture, tumor, deformity, or any abnormality in the cervical spine, and movement artifact on CT were not included in the study.
The children were divided into nine groups or three groups (4–6, 7–9, and 10–12 years old group) according to their age. The numbers of boys and girls were equal in each group. We pooled 870 children who met the inclusion criteria. Then, 360 children were randomly selected from the patient pool to the groups, and 1800 SP of 360 children were studied.
The children were divided into nine groups or three groups (4–6, 7–9, and 10–12 years old group) according to their age. The numbers of boys and girls were equal in each group. We pooled 870 children who met the inclusion criteria. Then, 360 children were randomly selected from the patient pool to the groups, and 1800 SP of 360 children were studied.
6
Coronary Artery Plaque Characterization by CT
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All participants underwent an electrocardiographic gated cardiac CT scan using a 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) (30 (link)). A noncontrast CT was first performed to calculate the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, followed by a CCTA. CT scans were processed, interpreted, and reported according to guidelines by experienced personnel (30 (link),31 (link)). CAC score was calculated with the Agatston method, which aggregates all areas (mm2) with density above 130 HU in all CT slices multiplied by a factor reflecting the respective areas’ maximum plaque attenuation: 130–199 HU = 1, 200–299 HU = 2, 300–399 HU = 3, and ≥400 HU = 4. CAC score was stratified into four categories: 0/1–99/100–399/≥400 (32 (link)). Coronary plaques were defined as any structure >1 mm2 located within the vessel wall and subclassified according to plaque characteristics as calcified, noncalcified, or mixed (partially calcified, both calcified and noncalcified characteristics within the same plaque) (33 (link)). In each participant, a coronary plaque characteristic was defined as predominating if it constituted more than 50% of the total number of plaques. Obstructive CAD was defined as >50% stenosis in any coronary artery.
7
TAVI Planning with Comprehensive Aortic CTA
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We performed retrospectively electrocardiogram-gated helical CTA of the aorta (from the level of thoracic inlet to the level of the femoral head) and the heart during a single breath-hold, in cranio-caudal direction for TAVI planning using a 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands, 270 ms rotation time, tube voltage of 100-120 kV). No oral beta-blocker was administered routinely prior to CTA imaging. We administered 75 mL iodinated contrast agent (400 mg/mL, Iomeron 400, Bracco Ltd; Milan, Italy) with 4.5 mL/s flow rate and images were acquired with 1 mm slice thickness, 1 mm increment, and reconstructed using iterative reconstruction (iDose 4 or IMR, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA). Follow-up CT examinations were performed using retrospective gating with similar scan protocol, with shorter scan length covering the volume of the heart and the ascending aorta. At least 3 months has passed because the implantation prior to the follow-up CTA acquisition. CTA was performed in all patients-who did not have contraindication-irrespective of symptoms or echocardiographic results.
8
Comparative CT and MRI Imaging Using UCNPs-Cu2-xS Nanocomposites
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For in vitro CT imaging, the CT contrast efficacy of UCNPs-Cu 2Àx S nanocomposites was compared with clinical iobitridol using the same element concentrations of 0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg mL À1 . For in vivo CT imaging, the tumor-bearing mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mL of 10% chloral hydrate. Then, the UCNPs-Cu 2Àx S nanocomposites (Yb concentration = 0.20 mmol kg À1 ) were intravenously injected for CT imaging. In vitro and in vivo CT images were collected using a Philips 256-slice CT scanner. The parameters were as follows: 120 kVp, 300 mA; thickness, 0.9 mm; pitch, 0.99; field of view, 350 mm; gantry rotation time, 0.5 s; table speed, 158.9 mm s À1 . For in vitro MR imaging, different concentrations of the UCNPs-Cu 2Àx S nanocomposite solution (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM) were prepared, and then the MR signals were measured by a 3T clinical MRI scanner. For in vivo MR imaging, the tumor-bearing mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mL of 10% chloral hydrate. Then, the UCNPs-Cu 2Àx S nanocomposites (Cu concentration = 10 mg kg À1 , 150 mL) were intravenously injected for MR imaging.
9
Low-Dose Cardiac CT with CAC Scoring
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Participants underwent a low-dose cardiac CT with a 256slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) with electrocardiographic gating according to guidelines. 25 (link) A noncontrast CT was acquired to calculate the CAC score (scan parameters: 120 kV and 60 mAs), followed by CTCA. The total average radiation dose was 3.9±0.
10
CT Angiography Protocol for Vascular Imaging
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CT angiograms were performed with a 256 slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) and were acquired with a tube voltage of 120 kV, tube current time product of 180 mAs, increment of 0.75 mm, pitch of 0.9 and collimation of 128 mm  0.625 mm. CT scans were reconstructed at 1.5 mm slice thickness. Xenetix300 contrast was administered intravenously at a rate of 4 mL/s, administering, respectively, 80 and 60 mL for pre-and postprocedural acquisitions. Scan acquisition was performed during the arterial phase, using bolus triggering with a threshold of 100 HU.
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