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18 protocols using truseq chemistry

1

RNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis, and RNA-seq

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RNA extraction was performed with RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN) and reverse transcription was carried out with iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (BIO-RAD, #1708891). qPCR was performed with Lightcycler 480 SYBR green I master (Roche, #4887352001) and the primers listed in Table S6 and plates were run on a Lightcycler 480 (Roche) qPCR instrument.
For RNA-seq, we used ribosomal depletion to remove rRNAs from total RNA samples, then proceed with library construction using Illumina TruSeq chemistry. Libraries are then sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 at Columbia Genome Center. We multiplexed samples in each lane, which yields targeted number of paired-end 100bp reads for each sample. We used RTA (Illumina) for base calling and bcl2fastq2 (ver. 2.20) for converting BCL to fastq format, coupled with adaptor trimming. Reads were pseudoaligned to a Kallisto index created from GRCh38 Ensembl v92 transcriptome using Kallisto (ver. 0.44.0) (Bray et al., 2016 (link)).
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2

RNA Extraction and mRNA Sequencing Protocol

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MoNNet and spheroid preparations were first washed with 3x RNase-free phosphate-buffer saline. 800 μl QIAzol lysis reagent (Qiagen, Cat#79306) was added for 5 min at room temperature, followed by the addition of 200 μl Chloroform (Fisher Chemical, Cat#C298–500), vigorous shaking for 15–30 s, incubation for 3 min at RT, and centrifugation (12,000g) at 4 °C. The aqueous upper phase was collected to a new tube, 500ul Isopropanol (Sigma, Cat#I9516–500ml) was added, vortexing was used for mixing. After 10 min incubation at RT, the solution was centrifuged (12,000g) for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was removed to collect the pellet, which was briefly air-dried. 100ul RNase-free water was used to dissolve the pellet. RNeasy Mini kit50 (Qiagen, cat#74104) was used to clean the RNA - all steps performed at 4 °C. RNA concentrations were measured by Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific) and bioanalyzer was used for RNA quality assessment. Poly-A pull-down was used to enrich mRNAs from total RNA samples, followed by library construction using Illumina TruSeq chemistry. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 at the Columbia Genome Center, yielding ~20 million paired-end 100 bp reads for each sample. RTA (Illumina) for base calling and bcl2fastq2 (version 2.19) for converting BCL to fastq format, coupled with adaptor trimming.
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3

RNA-seq Analysis of Mouse Ventricular Transcriptome

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Mouse hearts were removed, the atria removed and the ventricles snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen before storing at −80 °C. RNA-seq was performed at the Genomics and High Throughput Screening Shared Resource at Columbia University. RNA was extracted from the samples with QIAGEN miRNeasy micro kit (catalog no. 217084) following the kit protocol, except 0.7 volume of 100% ethanol was used instead of 1.5 volume of 100% ethanol for binding of total RNA on to the column. We used poly(A) pull-down to enrich mRNAs from total RNA samples and then proceeded with library construction using Illumina TruSeq chemistry. Libraries were then sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. We multiplexed samples in each lane, which yielded targeted number of paired-end 100-bp reads for each sample. Real-time analysis (Illumina) was used for base calling and bcl2fastq2 (v.2.19) was used for converting BCL to fastq format, coupled with adapter trimming. We performed a pseudoalignment to a kallisto index created from transcriptomes (GRCm38) using kallisto (0.44.0). Differential gene expression analysis in the 4SA-RAD knock-in versus littermate control mice was performed using the R package DESeq2 (v.1.13.0) from unnormalized count matrix with a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off of 0.05.
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4

Transcriptome Profiling of HDLECs

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Isolated total RNA from HDLECs was measured for purity and integrity (RNA integrity number [RIN], ≥8) on a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent) and then sent to the JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center for sequencing. Poly-A pulldown was used to enrich messenger RNAs from samples, and then libraries were constructed using Illumina TruSeq chemistry. RNA sequencing experiments were run on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 with a sequencing depth of 20 million reads per sample and a targeted number of paired-end 100–base pair reads for each sample. RTA (Illumina) was used for base calling and bcl2fastq2 version 2.19 (Illumina) was used to create FASTQ files and trim adaptors. Pseudoalignment was performed to a kallisto index created from transcriptomes (Ensembl v96, GRGm38.p6) using kallisto version 0.44.0.72 (link) Differentially expressed genes were determined using DESeq2 version 1.24.0.73 (link) Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using clusterProfiler version 4.0.70
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5

Quantitative DNA Sequencing Protocol

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Fluorometric quantitation of the genomic DNA samples was performed using the PicoGreen dsDNA assay (Thermo Fisher). PCR-free, paired-end libraries were constructed by automated liquid handlers using the Illumina TruSeq chemistry according to the manufacturer’s protocol. DNA samples underwent sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencer (v.2.5 chemistry, Illumina) using 150 bp, paired-end cycles.
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6

Targeted NGS for Cleft Lip/Palate

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Targeted, next-generation sequencing (NGS), including library construction, capture, and sequencing, was carried out at Oxford Gene Technologies (Oxford, UK). Enrichment of target regions and library preparation were performed by the use of a SureSelectXT2 Custom kit (1–499 kb, 16) in accordance with SureSelect protocol (version 1.2; Agilent Technologies, Changsha, China). Library concentrations were determined using Agilent's QPCR NGS Library Quantification Kit (G4880A), with each sample at a final concentration of 10 nmol/L. A HiSeq2000 sequencer ordered the samples using TruSeq chemistry and protocols (version 3, Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA). The TOF with CLP patient was analyzed separately using all CHD or CLP patients grouped into 1 enrichment kit and sequencing run.3 (link)
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7

qPCR and RNA-Seq Analysis of C. elegans

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For qPCR and RNA-Seq experiments, total RNA from age-synchronized young adult (24 hrs post-L4) hermaphrodites (200 in total, picked manually) was prepared using TissueRuptor and the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen). Reverse transcription was performed by SuperScript III, and quantitative PCR was performed using Applied Biosystems Real-Time PCR Instruments. The specific intron-spanning primer sequences used were: act-3 forward – TCCATCATGAAGTGCGACAT; act-3 reverse – TAGATCCTCCGATCCAGACG; fat-7 forward – ACGAGCTTGTCTTCCATGCT; fat-7 reverse – AGCCCATTCAATGATGTCGT; acdh-11 forward – TTGATCCATTTGTTCGGAGA; acdh-11 reverse – GGTGGCTAGCTTGTGCTTTC. RNA-Seq was performed by the Illumina TruSeq chemistry, and data were analyzed using standard protocols (Trapnell et al., 2010 (link)).
Nomarski and GFP fluorescence images of anesthetized C. elegans were obtained using an Axioskop II (Zeiss) compound microscope and OpenLab software (Agilent). The fraction of FAT-7::GFP-positive animals observed was quantified by counting animals using a dissecting microscope equipped for the detection of GFP fluorescence.
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8

Comprehensive Mouse Genome Sequencing Protocol

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Approximately 1 μg of gDNA was prepared for fragment-sequencing libraries and then processed according to standard protocols using TruSeq chemistry (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Mate-pair libraries were prepared using Nextera Mate Pair Sample Prep Kit according to manufacturers instructions (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Paired-end sequencing (2 × 100 bp) on HiSeq2000 (Illumina) was applied to achieve 1-30-fold mapped read coverage across the entire genome depending on required depth (Supplementary Data 7). Reads were aligned using Bowtie2 v2.1.0 (Langmead and Salzberg 2012) to mouse reference genome mm10 (Dec. 2011 GRCm38/mm10). Duplicates were identified and removed from the aligned data using Picard's Mark Duplicates v1.89 (Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA). BreakDancer v1.3.5 (ref. 37 (link)), CREST v0.0.1 (ref. 38 (link)) and Socrates v0.9.5 (ref. 39 (link)) were employed to identify structural variants. Whole genome de novo assembly was undertaken using Gossamer40 (link) to compare resulting contigs with the genomic sequence relevant to the transgene. Control-FREEC (ref. 41 (link)) was used to call somatic copy-number alterations using tail88 as the germline control. A window size of 50,000 bp was used.
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9

RNA-seq Analysis of Murine CD4+ T Cell Transcriptome

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After 72 h of polarization under polarizing conditions indicated above in “CD4+ T cell isolation and culture”, 4 independent in vitro cultured murine CD4+ cells were collected. RNAs from these samples were extracted (RNeasy kit, Qiagen). RNA-seq with pair-end 100-nt read length was performed at the Turku Center for Biotechnology with HiSeq 2000 instrument using Illumina TruSeq chemistry according to the manufacture’s instruction.
The RNA-seq data were mapped using Tophat (version 2.0.14) with default parameters to the mm10 mouse reference genome. Read counts were computed with HTSeq-count [72 (link)], with options stranded false, feature type exon, and sorted by name and mode union. Negative binomial generalized log-linear model to the read counts for each gene was fitted, and gene-wise statistical tests using pair-wise experimental design were performed with Bioconductor edgeR package [73 (link)]. The data were normalized using model-based scaling [74 (link)]. The tag-wise dispersions for the generalized linear models were empirical Bayes estimates with expression levels specified by a log-linear model [75 (link)]. Genes that did not have more than 1 count per million (cpm) at least in 4 samples were filtered out of the analysis.
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10

RNA-seq Analysis of Mouse Ventricular Transcriptome

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Mouse hearts were removed, the atria removed and the ventricles snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen before storing at −80 °C. RNA-seq was performed at the Genomics and High Throughput Screening Shared Resource at Columbia University. RNA was extracted from the samples with QIAGEN miRNeasy micro kit (catalog no. 217084) following the kit protocol, except 0.7 volume of 100% ethanol was used instead of 1.5 volume of 100% ethanol for binding of total RNA on to the column. We used poly(A) pull-down to enrich mRNAs from total RNA samples and then proceeded with library construction using Illumina TruSeq chemistry. Libraries were then sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. We multiplexed samples in each lane, which yielded targeted number of paired-end 100-bp reads for each sample. Real-time analysis (Illumina) was used for base calling and bcl2fastq2 (v.2.19) was used for converting BCL to fastq format, coupled with adapter trimming. We performed a pseudoalignment to a kallisto index created from transcriptomes (GRCm38) using kallisto (0.44.0). Differential gene expression analysis in the 4SA-RAD knock-in versus littermate control mice was performed using the R package DESeq2 (v.1.13.0) from unnormalized count matrix with a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off of 0.05.
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