C57bl 6 wild type male mice

All experimental procedures for animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the College of Medicine, Hanyang University (IACUC Approval No. HY-IACUC-15-0057). Animal treatments were carried out in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines of the International Association for the Study of Pain for the investigation of experimental pain in conscious animals [39 (link)] and the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Male C57BL/6 wild-type male mice (OrientBio, Sungnam, Korea) weighing 20–25 g were used in this study. The mice were maintained in a conventional facility with a 12/12-h light/dark cycle and fed food and water ad libitum. The temperature and humidity were 22 ± 1 °C and 60%, respectively. All animals were allowed to habituate to the housing facilities for 1 week before the experiments

Wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were purchased from (Orient-Bio, Seongnam, Korea). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum (HS) and Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), DEX and all other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Antibodies were purchased as following: Myosin heavy chain (MHC, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB), Iowa, IA), MyoD (Novus biologicals, Littleton, CO), Myogenin, Myoglobin, total-OxPHOS (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), total AKT, phospho-AKT, total p38, phospho-p38, β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA), MuRF1, Atrogin-1, HSP90 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), PGC-1α (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) and β-tubulin (Zymed, South San Francisco, CA).