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6 protocols using ba no3 2

1

Preparation of Li+ Stock and Interfering Ion Solutions

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Li2CO3 (Merck) and HCl (Carlo Erba) were used to prepare the Li+ stock solution as described in ref (12 (link)). Na2SO4 (Analar) was used
to prepare the electrolyte solution to circulate in the electrode
chambers. NaCl, KCl, MgCl2·6H2O, Ba(NO3)2 and CaCl2·2H2O (Merck)
salts were used to prepare the interfering ion-containing solutions.
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2

Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solutions

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Anhydrous 1,4-dioxane, active carbon (particle size <100 µm), iminodiacetic acid, NaOH, HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , K 2 SO 4 , NaCl, CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COONa, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , FeSO 4 , CuSO 4 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , NiSO 4 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , Al (NO 3 ) 3 , AgNO 3 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , and ethanol were products of Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.
The stock solution (1000 mg/L) of Zn(II) was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amounts of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , in deionized water. To adjust the pH of the solution, 10 mL of 0.01 M acetic acid-acetate buffer (pH 3-6.5) or 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5-9) was used wherever suitable.
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3

Synthesis of BYF:Yb3+,Tm3+ Phosphor

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The synthesis procedure previously employed for the synthesis of BYF:Yb3+,Ho3+ was repeated for the preparation of BYF:Yb3+,Tm3+ phosphor [8 (link)]. BYF:Yb3+, Tm3+ phosphors were synthesized by the co-precipitation method at room temperature. The starting materials utilized were high purity (> 99.99%) chemicals of Ba(NO3)2, Y(NO3)3.6H2O, Tm(NO3)3, Yb(NO3)3, and NH4F that were procured from Sigma Aldrich. Stoichiometric amounts of the metal nitrates were dissolved in double distilled water and vigorously stirred on a magnetic stirrer. Few drops of 1-octadecene and oleic acid were added to this solution to stabilize the crystals in the solution. The phosphors were precipitated by adding the NH4F solution together with vigorous stirring. The precipitates were separated from the solution, and then, washed sequentially with water and ethanol. They were then dried in hot air oven for 12 h at 80 oC. the dried precipitates were annealed in a reducing Ar/H2 (5% H2, 95% Ar gas mixture) atmosphere for 4 h at 650 oC to obtain the final yield.
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4

Synthesis of Metal Nitrate Compounds

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Chemical used in the present study—Ni(NO₃)2·6H₂O, Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Sr(NO3)2, and Ba(NO3)2—were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Moscow, Russia) and were of analytical grade.
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5

Synthesis of Barium Vanadium and Strontium Vanadium Quantum Dots

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To begin with 2.0 g NH4VO3 (Alfa Aesar), 3.0 g Ba(NO3)2 (Alfa Aesar) and 3.0 g Sr(NO3)2 (Alfa Aesar) were dissolved in the same 50 mL distilled water including previously dissolved 4.0 g polyethyleneimine (PEI, average Mn ≈ 60000, Mw ≈ 750000) (Sigma Aldrich) and 4.0 g ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Sigma Aldrich) to form a homogeneous polymer precursor solution. And then, the solution was purified in an Amicon filtration (Amicon 8050) unit and concentrated to get a precursor solution. An Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentrations for metal ions of each precursor solution. According to the corresponding mol ratio of BVQD or SVQD, two precursor solutions were uniformly mixed into the final precursor solution, which was spin-coated on the common quartz substrates at a speed of 3000 r.p.m. The precursor films were thermally treated at 800 °C for an hour with both the temperature rise and fall ratios of 2 °C per minute, and then came into being BVQD or SVQD. Spin-coating and thermal treating were repeatedly performed to obtain the BVQD or SVQD with desired size and thickness.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of PAAP/GCE Sensor

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4,4`-oxo-bis(4``-aminophenylene) from (95%, BDH) was used without purification. 4-bromobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde from (95% & 97%, Fluka) and also were used without purification. Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and vanillene from (99%, 99%, 98% and 95%, Merck). Anhydrous potassium carbonate from (Aldrich). DMSO analytical grade (99%, Sigma Aldrich). All other reagents used were of high purity and were further purified as reported in literature [50]. Analytical grade of Al2(SO4)3, AuCl3, AsCl3, Ba(NO3)2, CaCl2, CdSO4, Ce(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2, MgCl2, SbCl3, SnCl2, YNO3, ZnSO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and nafion (5% ethanolic solution) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and used without further purification. Stock solution of As3+ ions solution (1.0 M) was prepared from the purchased chemicals. I-V method was conducted to detect As3+ ion at a selective point using the fabricated PAAP/GCE by Keithley electrometer (6517A, USA). [Caution! Arsenic is toxic. Only a small amount of this material had been used to prepare the required solution and handled with care.]
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