Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomucin (100×) were obtained from Invitrogen (Calsbad, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum was from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA) and was heat-inactivated at 56 °C for 30 min. Antibodies against p-NFκB, NFκB, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, p38 were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA) and antibodies against β-actin and GAPDH were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). ECL reagents were from Thermo Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). SP600125, U0126, SB203580, BAY11-7082 were purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). Fucoidin and carrageenan were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid was from Calbiochem (KGaA, Darmstadt). Lysosome-tracker, ER-tracker and fluo-3/AM were from Beyotime (Haimen, China). Cellular Ca2+ ATPase activity Kit was from Jiancheng Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kit were from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA).
C57BL/6 female mice, 6–8 weeks of age, were from SLAC laboratory animal company (Shanghai, China). All experiments were approved by a local ethical committee.
C57BL/6 female mice, 6–8 weeks of age, were from SLAC laboratory animal company (Shanghai, China). All experiments were approved by a local ethical committee.