Hydrogel tubes were generated as previously described.52 (link) Briefly, 20% w/v 8-arm polyethylene glycol maleimide (PEG-MAL, 20 kDa; JenKem, Plano, TX) was crosslinked with 5 mM slow-degrading-plasmin-sensitive YKND cross-linking peptide (Ac-GCYKNDGCYKNDCG; Genscript, Piscataway, NJ)55 (link) to form microspheres through water-oil emulsion with diameters ranging between 15 and 150 μm and an average of 45 μm. The PEG-YKND solution was homogenized in silicone oil (Fisher, Hampton, NH) with 2% TWEEN-20 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at a speed of 4000 rpm for 1 minute. Microspheres were rinsed by centrifugation three times. Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator (Sigma) dissolved in N-vinylpyrrolidinone (660 mg/mL; Sigma) was added to the microspheres at a final concentration of 1% w/v. The resulting microspheres were then packed into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Dow Corning, Midland, MI) molds to generate PEG tubes (approximate OD: 600 μm, ID: 250 μm, porosity: 66%)and exposed to an ultraviolet lamp for 3 minutes to initiate free radical polymerization. Tubes were rinsed three times, dehydrated, and stored at −80 until use. Tubes were cut to length during surgery to ensure fit within the defect.
N vinylpyrrolidinone
Manufactured by Merck Group
N-vinylpyrrolidinone is a chemical compound used in the production of various lab equipment. It serves as a key ingredient in the manufacturing process.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tween 20, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Silicone oil, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ac gcykndgcykndcg, by GenScript (2 mentions)
Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonium phosphate dibasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alginic acid sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Irgacure 2959, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using n vinylpyrrolidinone
1
Fabrication of Hydrogel Tubes for Tissue Engineering
2
Fabrication of Hydrogel Tubes for Tissue Engineering
3
Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid
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HAc sodium salt from Streptococcus equi (molecular weight ≈ 1.5~1.8 MDa), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), dimethylformamide (DMF), GM, tetrabutylammonium bromide, triethylamine, acetone, alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae, N-vinylpyrrolidinone (NVP), Irgacure 2959 (2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methylpropiophenone), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ammonium phosphate dibasic ((NH4)2HPO4), and gelatin from bovine skin (Type B) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous OPF/BP Hydrogel
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OPF was synthesized using poly (ethylene glycol) with an initial molecular weight (Mn) of 1 kDa according to the previously described method [23 (link), 24 (link)].
OPF/BP hydrogel was made using the salt leaching method [20 (link)]. Firstly, OPF (0.5 g/ml), N-vinyl pyrrolidinone (NVP, 0.15 g/ml; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and Irgacure 2959 (I2959, 0.002 g/ml; Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Tarrytown, NY) were added and mixed in double-distilled water (ddH2O). Then, 200 mg BP was added to make OPF/BP paste. The OPF/BP paste (50% w/w) was mixed with NaCl salt particles (50% w/w, 100-200 μm) to create the final paste for the composite. The resulting mixture was immediately transferred to 0.8 mm thick silicone rubber molds sandwiched between two glass plates. Then, the mixture was exposed to a UV light (UV-Handleuchte lamp A., Hartestein, Germany) to cross-link for 2 hours. After removal from the molds, hydrogels were punched into disc-shaped specimens using a cork borer (~5 mm in diameter) for further use. The composites were immersed in sterile ddH2O to leach out the salt. Then, the microporous OPF/BP hydrogel was freeze-dried by lyophilization. Three samples were sent for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination, respectively.
OPF/BP hydrogel was made using the salt leaching method [20 (link)]. Firstly, OPF (0.5 g/ml), N-vinyl pyrrolidinone (NVP, 0.15 g/ml; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and Irgacure 2959 (I2959, 0.002 g/ml; Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Tarrytown, NY) were added and mixed in double-distilled water (ddH2O). Then, 200 mg BP was added to make OPF/BP paste. The OPF/BP paste (50% w/w) was mixed with NaCl salt particles (50% w/w, 100-200 μm) to create the final paste for the composite. The resulting mixture was immediately transferred to 0.8 mm thick silicone rubber molds sandwiched between two glass plates. Then, the mixture was exposed to a UV light (UV-Handleuchte lamp A., Hartestein, Germany) to cross-link for 2 hours. After removal from the molds, hydrogels were punched into disc-shaped specimens using a cork borer (~5 mm in diameter) for further use. The composites were immersed in sterile ddH2O to leach out the salt. Then, the microporous OPF/BP hydrogel was freeze-dried by lyophilization. Three samples were sent for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination, respectively.
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