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7 protocols using mepyramine

1

OVA-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation

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Six to eight week old female BALC/c mice, obtained from SLAC, were immunized twice, at weekly intervals, with 0.4 ml saline containing 100 μg OVA (Ovalbumin, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) mixed with 0.2 ml Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (F5881-10 ML; Sigma-Aldrich). For subsequent injections, the Ag dose was reduced to 50 μg of OVA per injection. One week after the second immunization at day 14, an intranasal challenge was performed under light ether by applying 50 μl of OVA in saline solution (10 μg) or saline alone as a control [18 (link)]. rHa24-GST, GST (negative control) and Mepyramine (340 μg, m.w. 402; Sigma-Aldrich; positive control), was administered intratracheally with 50 μl saline buffer under ketamine anesthesia, 1 h before the OVA challenge. BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) was performed 3 days after the intranasal challenge by cannulating the trachea under ketamine anesthesia and washing two times with 1 ml ice-cold PBS. The BAL was centrifuged, and the supernatant was frozen for histamine. The cell pellet was re-suspended in PBS and counted by a hemocytometer.
After BAL, the mice were sacrificed (3 days after OVA challenged). The whole lung was removed and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde for Hematoxylin & Eosin and Periodic acid Schiff reagent staining.
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2

Zebrafish Neuropharmacology Protocol

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All reagents were prepared fresh on the day of the experiment and dissolved in E3 to create working solutions to be added to the experimental chamber, and compared to the addition of carrier-only controls. Gaboxadol (Sigma T101), MS222 (Sigma), mepyramine (Sigma P5514), promethazine (Sigma P4651), carbachol (Sigma C4382), eserine (Sigma E8375) and methoctramine (Sigma M105) were all dissolved in E3. H6408 (Bachem; H-6408.0001) was prepared with double-distilled (dd) H20 (ddH20) at 1 mM with a working concentration at 10 μM. Zolpidem (Sanofis Pharmaceuticals; active ingredient of the prevalent sleep drug Ambien) was a gift from S. Nishino, and stock solutions were prepared in DMSO. Effective concentrations and fish age (ranging from 7 dpf–14dpf) were chosen based on published data47 (link),48 (link) or dose–response experiments driving behavioural sleep in the Viewpoint behavioural tracking system (Supplementary Table 1). At least two independent tests for all drug dose–responses were performed.
Injected MCH peptide (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals; 070–47, lot no. 429808) was prepared as a 1 mM working solution in ddH20 supplemented with phenol red solution (Sigma; P0290) to confirm injection (see Extended Data Fig. 7h). Intracerebroventricular pulsatile injections (FemtoJet Microinjector, Eppendorf) were performed with zPSG larvae mounted in agarose.
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3

Preparation of Oxytocin and Mepyramine Solutions

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Oxytocin and mepyramine were all obtained from Sigma Chemicals. All the drugs were dissolved in distilled water, kept on ice and used on the day of preparation.
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4

Ratiometric FRET Microscopy for Cellular Signaling

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Ratiometric FRET measurements were performed using a previously described wide-field fluorescence microscope21 (link). Typical exposure times ranged from 50 ms to 150 ms, and camera binning was set to 4 × 4. Fluorophores were excited with 420 nm light (slit width 30 nm) and reflected onto the sample by a 455DCLP dichroic mirror and CFP emission was detected with a BP470/30 filter, and YFP emission was detected with a BP535/30 filter by rotating the filter wheel. All acquisitions were corrected for background signal and bleedthrough of CFP emission in the YFP channel (around 55% of the intensity measured in the CFP channel).
In dynamic experiments, cells were stimulated with 100 μM histamine (Sigma-Aldrich) and 10 μM Mepyramine (Sigma-Aldrich) or 100 nM Rapamycin (LC Laboratories, Woburn, USA). Where indicated, cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml Pertussis Toxin (PTX) (Sigma Aldrich) overnight. The Gαq inhibitor FR90035935 was added to cells 2 hours before the measurements started at a concentration of 2 μM and was purchased from the University of Bonn ( http://www.pharmbio.uni-bonn.de/signaltransduktion).
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5

Coagulation and Inflammation Modulating Compounds

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FITC–dextran 150 kDa and dextran sulfate (DXS) 500 kDa were purchased from TdB Consultancy (Uppsala, Sweden). Heparin 4 kDa (enoxaparin EUROFARMA Versa, NC 154693) was kindly provided by PAS Mourão (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). HOE-140, B2R antagonist (B2RA) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bosentan was a donation from Actelion (Basel, Switzerland). FXII inhibitor (36 (link)) was a generous gift from Dr. Thomas Renné (Karolinska Institute). Cromoglycate, mepyramine, histamine, captopril were purchase from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). PKSI-527 and PdSP15a were supplied by the co-authors (LJ) and (PA), respectively.
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6

Histamine Antagonist Effects on Allergic Responses

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For the histamine antagonist experiments, H1R antagonist (Mepyramine, Sigma-Aldrich) and/or H4R antagonist (JNJ7777120) (gift from Dr. Armin Buschauer, University of Regensburg) were dissolved in 20% (v/v) DMSO and further diluted in PBS. 100 µl of antagonist solution was administered subcutaneously to the site of antigen challenge 30 minutes prior to OVA-challenge as well as 4 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after the challenge in the same dose (20 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg body weight) [5] (link). Doses were chosen from previously published studies [7] (link), [17] (link). Control mice received vehicle treatment. Mice were killed and analyzed on day 7, as preliminary time–kinetic experiments had revealed optimal divergence of read-out parameters in sham-treated vs. antigen-treated animals at this time point (Fig. 1D). For histamine and mouse mastcellprotease-1 measurements animals were analyzed 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after administration of OVA patch.
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7

Bovine Serum Albumin and Calcium Signaling

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA), fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2AM), histamine dihydrochloride, mepyramine, triton X-100 and pluronic acid, were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, United States). CMPD101 was acquired from Tocris Cookson Inc. (Ballwin, MO). The following primary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA:
Anti-β-tubulin (IgG from rabbit / catalogue#SC-9104 / Lot#F1210 / final dilution:
The secondary antibody Anti-rabbit (IgG from goat / catalogue#PI1000 / Lot#X0126 / final dilution: 1/4000) was purchased from Vector Laboratories, CA.
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