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39 protocols using sa3800 spectral analyzer

1

Binding of Borrelia Peptidoglycan to PGLYRP1 and CD55

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Low passage B. burgdorferi were cultured to a density of ~106−107 cells/mL, washed two times with PBS and incubated with either recombinant human PGLYRP1 (with 8X-His tag), recombinant mouse PGLYRP1 (with 6X-His tag) (Sino Biological, #50115-M08H), recombinant human CD55 (with 8X-His tag), or murine CD55 (with 8X-His tag) at room temperature for 1 hour. Varying concentrations of purified B. burgdorferi PG [11 (link)] were used for this assay. PG preparation had been sonicated prior to use and consisted of fragmented sacculi. Borrelia PG was pre-incubated with either murine or human PGLYRP1 and was subsequently added to Borrelia to test for binding. After a co-incubation period of 1 hour, spirochetes were fixed in 4% PFA, washed three times with PBS and blocked in 1% BSA overnight at 4°C. The spirochetes were probed anti 6X-His monoclonal antibody- conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (ThermoFisher, #MA1-21315-488) and run through SA3800 Spectral Analyzer (Sony Biotechnology). The data was analyzed by FlowJo.
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2

Mitochondrial Mass Estimation in Candida

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Mitochondrial mass/volume was estimated using MitoTracker Green fluorescence.[70]C. albicans cell suspensions (≈106 CFU mL−1) were treated with DMSO or MMs (0.5–2 × MIC) and then irradiated with 405‐nm light (87.6 J cm−2). The cells were then stained with MitoTracker Green (200 nm) for 30 min at 30 °C and washed three times with PBS. At least 10 000 cells per sample were analyzed in an SA3800 Spectral Analyzer (Sony Biotechnology, CA, USA).
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3

Annexin V-FITC/PI Assay for Candida Apoptosis

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The occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis was investigated using an Annexin V‐FITC/PI assay.[24]C. albicans cells were grown as described for time‐kill experiments, washed in sorbitol buffer (0.5 mm MgCl2, 35 mm potassium phosphate, pH 6.8, containing 1.2 m sorbitol), and resuspended in the same buffer containing zymolyase 20 T (20 mg mL−1, US Biological Life Sciences, MA, USA). After 1 h of digestion at 30 °C, protoplasts were centrifuged, washed, and resuspended in binding buffer (140 mm NaCl, 10 mm HEPES, 2.5 mm CaCl2, 1.2 m sorbitol, pH 7.4). Protoplasts were treated with 1% DMSO or MMs (0.5–2 × MIC) and then irradiated with 405‐nm light (87.6 J cm−2). The protoplasts were immediately labeled using an Annexin V‐FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (Abnova, Taiwan) per the distributors' instructions. At least 10 000 cells per sample were analyzed in an SA3800 spectral analyzer (Sony Biotechnology, CA, USA).
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4

Isolation and Analysis of Mouse Splenic Lymphocytes

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Mononuclear cells from the mouse spleen were obtained by mashing through a 70-µm cell strainer with a syringe plunger. Cells suspensions were washed in PBS and resuspended in 1 ml of red blood cell lysis (155 mM NH4Cl, 10 mM KHCO3, 0.1 mM EDTA) for 5 min at room temperature and washed. Cells were resuspended in PBS 1% BSA, stained with combinations of antibodies listed in Table S2 for analysis of different lymphocyte populations, and passed through a 40-μm nylon cell strainer before acquisition. NP-specific cells were detected using NP28-PE (N-5070-1; Biosearch Technologies). Data were acquired using BD LSR Fortessa, BD Facscalibur (BD Biosciences), or SA3800 Spectral Analyzer (Sony Biotechnology) and analyzed using FlowJo (BD Biosciences). Sorting was done with a BD FACSARIA III (BD Biosciences) apparatus.
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5

DNA Damage Response Assay with Rucaparib

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2.5x105 RPE1-hTERT cells were plated in 6 cm plates and allowed to adhere for 24 h. Cells then received a two-hour pre-treatment with either 10 μM rucaparib or DMSO vehicle control. After 2 h, DSBs were induced by the addition of either a low dose (10ng/ml) or high dose (400ng/ml) of NCS. Cells were allowed to grow for either 24 or 48 h. At this time, media was removed and placed into a separate tube. Cells were removed from plate by trypsinization. Once detached, cells were rinsed in media and placed into the same tube as the original growth media. Cells were pelleted by 400x g spin for 4 min and washed twice in PBS. Cells were then resuspended in 300 μl PBS and passed through a 45 μM cell strainer to remove clumps. Cells were then fixed by the addition of 700 μL cold EtOH dropwise while vortexing. Fixed cells were stored at −20°C until experiment. Cells were prepared for analysis by pelleting cells with a 750x g spin for 5 min and two washes in 1 mL PBS. 1x106 cells were then resuspended in a staining solution containing 20 μg/ml propidium iodide and 0.5 mg/ml RNaseA. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 30 min, then brought to 500 μl final volume and passed through a 45 μM mesh. Cells were analyzed using a Sony SA3800 Spectral Analyzer in the Flow Cytometry core facility (NIH Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Genome Integrity).
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6

Inflammatory Cytokine Profiling in BALF

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BAL fluid (BALF) was obtained after 2.5 h MV with 0.5 mL of PBS with 2 mM EDTA by inserting a standard disposable intravenous catheter (BD Insyte Autoguard, 20GA 1.00 in., Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy Systems Inc.) into the trachea. Cells were isolated from supernatant and analyzed for cell counts (Cellometer Auto2000, Nexcelcom Bioscience, Lawrence, MA) and differentiation by flow cytometry (SA3800 Spectral Analyzer, Sony, Tokyo, Japan). The levels of albumin and cytokines in BALF were measured using commercially available ELISA kits (albumin: Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA; IL-1α: ELISA MAX, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; IL-1β and TNF-α: eBioscience; IL-6: BD OptEIA, Becton Dickinson; IL-18: Sino Biological, Beijing, China) as previously described (12 (link)).
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7

Isolation of PMNs and PBMCs from Bovine Blood

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PMNs and PBMCs were isolated from the blood collected from cows immediately before (0 h) or 6 h after AI, as previously described [17 (link)]. Briefly, blood
samples were mixed with an equal volume of PBS free from calcium and magnesium (PBS–/–), slowly layered over Ficoll-Paque solution (Lymphoprep, Axis-Shield, Norway), and
centrifuged at 1000 g for 35 min at 10°C. The white buffy coat layer (PBMCs) and the lower PMN layer were collected, mixed with a double volume of hemolysis buffer
(NH4Cl 155 mM, KHCO3 9.9 mM, EDTA 96.7 μM) for 3 min, and centrifuged at 500 × g for 5 min at 10°C to remove red blood cells. After centrifugation,
cell pellets were washed twice with PBS–/–. The purity of PBMCs and PMNs was > 95% and > 97%, respectively, as evaluated using the SA3800
Spectral Analyzer (Sony Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan). The viability, as assessed by Trypan blue staining, was > 96% and > 98%, respectively. The cells
were then collected, lysed using Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and stored at –80°C until RNA extraction.
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8

Quantitative DNA Analysis of SPM Cells

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Cells in 1 ml of SPM culture were collected by centrifugation. The pellet was then resuspended in 1 ml of 70% ethanol. Fixed cells were recollected and washed by suspending 1 ml of 50 mM sodium citrate buffer. The collected cells were resuspended in 0.5 ml of sodium citrate buffer and sonicated for the 20 s at room temperature. Sonicated cells were incubated with 12.5 μl of 10 mg/mL RNAseA for 1 h at 50 °C and in 25 μl of 15 mg/ml proteinase K for 1 h at 50 °C. 0.5 ml of 16 μlg/ml PI solution was added and incubated for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. The samples were then analyzed using SA-3800 Spectral analyzer (Sony). Floreada.io was used for gating and plotting graphs.
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9

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell-Bound Antibodies

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Antibodies were incubated with suspended cells (2.5 × 105 cells per well) in a 96-well plate at 4 °C for 1 hour in FACS buffer consisting of PBS (K D Medical, MD, USA), 2mM EDTA (K D Medical, MD, USA), 1% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) and 0.1% sodium azide (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA). Bound antibodies were detected with R-phycoerythrin conjugated F(ab’)2 goat anti-mouse IgG Fcγ (Cat # 115-116-071; Jackson ImmunoResearch, PA, USA) at 1:250 dilution for 45-60 min at 4°C. Mouse IgG1 kappa and mouse IgG2b kappa (Cat# 14-4714-82 and 14-4732-82 respectively; Invitrogen, NY, USA) antibodies were used as isotype controls. Antibody binding was characterized with the SA3800 Spectral Analyzer (Sony Biotechnology, San Jose, CA, USA), the data were analyzed with FlowJo (Tree Star, Inc., Ashland, OR, USA) and displayed in histogram format with the median fluorescence intensity plotted. All flow cytometry experiments were repeated at least once.
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10

Quantifying T Cell Trafficking In Vivo

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SCID mice were injected intravenously with 107 T cells or BsAb-armed T cells and then sacrificed after 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. The lymphocytes and splenocytes were collected and incubated with FITC-conjugated CD8a monoclonal antibody and phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat anti-human IgG Fab antibody. The surface fluorescence was measured by a flow cytometer (Sony SA3800 Spectral Analyzer), and fluorescence intensities were analyzed using the SA3800 software program (Sony Biotechnology Inc, San Jose, CA).
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