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13 protocols using waters 515 pump

1

Phytochemical Analysis of Natural Products

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Optical rotations were measured on P2000 polarimeter (JASCO, Tokyo, Japan). UV spectra were obtained on a JASCOP650 spectrometer (JASCO). IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet 5700 FT-IR microscope instrument (FT-IR microscope transmission, Thermo Electron Corporation, Madison, WI, USA). 1D and 2D NMR spectra were acquired at 500 or 600 MHz for 1H and 125 or 150 MHz for 13C, respectively, on Varian INOVA 500 MHz, or Bruker AVANCE III HD 600 MHz (Bruker Corporation, Karlsruhe, Germany), in acetone-d6 or methanol-d4, with solvent peaks as references. ESI-MS and HR-ESI-MS data were measured using an AccuToFCS JMST100CS spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Ltd., Santa Clara, CA, USA). Column chromatography (CC) was performed with silica gel (200–300 mesh, Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China). HPLC separation was performed on an instrument consisting of a Waters 515 pump and a Waters 2487 dual λ absorbance detector (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) with a YMC semi-preparative column (250 × 10 mm i.d.) packed with C18 (5 μM). TLC was carried out with glass precoated silica gel GF254 plates (Qingdao Marine Chemical, Inc., Qingdao, China). Spots were visualized under UV light or by spraying with 7% H2SO4 in 95% EtOH followed by heating.
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2

Adrenal Gland Monoamine Analysis in Mice

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The right adrenal gland was harvested from euthanized male mice (9 -20 weeks old), carefully trimmed of fat and immediately frozen and maintained at −80°C until use. Tissue monoamines were then extracted and determined by the Vanderbilt Brain Institute Neurochemistry Core at Vanderbilt University. Briefly, the adrenal glands were homogenized using a tissue dismembrator in 150 μl of 0.1M TCA (which contained 10−2 M sodium acetate, 10−4 M EDTA, 5ng/ml isoproterenol (as internal standard) and 7.5% methanol (pH 3.8)). Samples were spun in a microcentrifuge at 10,000 g for 20 minutes and the supernatant removed for biogenic amine analysis while the pellet was saved for protein analysis. Biogenic amines were quantified using HPLC (Waters 515 pump; Waters Corporation, Milford, MA US) with electrochemical detection (Antec Decade II [oxidation: 0.65] electrochemical detector operated at 33°C; Antec, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands). Twenty microliter samples of the supernatant were injected onto a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 HPLC column (100 × 4.60 mm, 2.6u). Biogenic amines were eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 89.5% 0.1M TCA, 10−2 M sodium acetate, 10−4 M EDTA and 7.5 % methanol (pH 3.8) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. HPLC control and data acquisition are managed by Empower 3 software.
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3

Analytical Characterization of Phytochemicals

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The end products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an HPLC column equipped with a Waters pump system (Waters 515 pump; Waters Corp, USA).15 (link) Cholesterol, cholest-4-en-3-one, and other substances were detected by an evaporative light scattering detector (Alltech ELSD 2000; Alltech, USA).16 ,17 The infrared (IR) spectrum was recorded in KBr on a Nicolet Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer (Nicolet MX-1E; Nicolet Instruments Corp, USA). The ultraviolet absorption (UV) was tested using Shimadzu UV-1700 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corp, Japan) with anhydrous alcohol as solvent. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker spectrometer (AV 600; Bruker, Germany) in chloroform deuteride (CDCl3) as a solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard. The electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) data were recorded by a high-resolution mass spectrometer (BioTOF Q, Bruker, Germany) in positive mode.18 (link)
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4

Quantification of CMIT/MIT in HDs

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Contents of CMIT and MIT in the commercial active ingredient of HDs were quantified using an HPLC system equipped with a Waters 515 pump (Waters, Milford, MA, USA), a Waters 717+ auto sampler, and a Waters 2998 photodiode array detector. Analytes were separated using a Fortis C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm; particle size of 5 μm) column (Fortis Technologies Ltd., Cheshire, UK) under isocratic conditions (30:70, methanol: water, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The injection volume was 10 μL and both chemicals were monitored at 280 nm. This measured concentrations of CMIT/MIT in the product were used for the calculation of predicted concentrations.
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5

High-Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography Analysis

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Conventional HP-SEC analyses were performed with a Waters 515 pump (Water Inc., Milford, MA, USA), equipped with an auto-injector (Waters717plus), ultraviolet (UV) detector (Waters 2487) and differential refractometer (RI) detector (Waters 2410). Both polymeric gel based columns and silica based columns were used. In the first case, TSK G3000 PWXL (7.8 × 300 mm) and G2500 PWXL (7.8 × 300 mm) columns (Tosoh Corp.), connected in series, were eluted with 0.1 M NaNO3 at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, according to HP-SEC/TDA procedure. In the second case, TSK SW guardcolumn, TSK G3000 SWXL (7.5 × 300 mm) and TSK G2000 SWXL (7.5 × 300 mm) (Supelco), connected in series, were eluted with 0.2 M Na2SO4, at a flow of 0.5 mL/min, according to the EP indications. In both cases, processes were aided by Chromatography Manager Software Millennium–32 (Waters), with its GPC Empower option.
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6

Quantifying Vitamin C in Samples

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Vitamin C contents were determined as previously reported [17 ] with the utilization of high−performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were extracted with 10% (v/v) metaphosphoric acid before loading onto an ODS column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm, Zorbax from Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) attached to the HPLC system consisting of a Waters 515 pump (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) and a UV−975 UV/Vis detector (JASCO International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Vitamin C was detected at 254 nm with an isocratic solvent system of 0.5% (v/v) KH2PO4 and a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.
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7

HPLC Quantification of Vitamin C

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Vitamin C was determined as previously reported [6 (link)] using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an UV-975 UV/Vis detector (JASCO International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), a Waters 515 pump (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA), and a 5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm Zorbax original ODS column (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The HPLC system employed an isocratic solvent system of 0.5% (v/v) KH2PO4 (adjusted to pH 2.5 with H3PO4) with a 0.8 mL/min flow rate. Vitamin C was visualized at 254 nm.
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8

HPLC Analysis of Dopamine Levels

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The levels of DA and its metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as per previously published protocols [83 (link),84 (link),85 (link),86 (link)]. Briefly, frozen tissue samples were homogenized using a Branson sonifier 150 in a solution of 20:80 of 0.035 M phosphoric acid:0.2 M acetic acid using a ratio of 50 mg tissue to 250 uL of 20:80. The supernatant was assayed by batch alumina extraction followed by HPLC with Waters 515 pump, Water 717 autosampler (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA), and ESA Choulochem 3 electrochemical detector (ESA, Inc. Chelmsford MA) with a series of electrochemical detection, Cera column temperature controller 250 (Cera, Inc., Baldwin Park, CA, USA) set to 18 degrees using a Spheri-5 RP-18, 5 μm, 30 × 4.6 mm guard column (PerkinElmer, MA, USA, no. 07110013), and Bio-advantage C18, 5 µm, 120 Å, 4.6 × 250 mm analytic column (Thomson Instruments, Clear Brook, VA, USA, No. BA400-046250). The mobile phase consisted of 13.8 g monobasic sodium phosphate, 64 mg octane sulfonic acid, 50 mg EDTA, and 25–30 mL acetonitrile in 1 L of HPLC-grade water, adjusted pH to 3.15–3.25 using 85% phosphoric acid. Concentrations of DA and its metabolites in brain regions were expressed in units of picomoles per mg per weight.
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9

Striatal Dopamine Quantification by HPLC

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Levels of striatal dopamine and dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were measured in frozen striatal tissue via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through the Neurochemistry Core Facility at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/vbi-core-labs/). Briefly, brain tissue was homogenized, using a tissue dismembrator, in 0.1M trichloroacetic acid, containing 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 5ng/ml isoproterenol (as internal standard) and 10.5 % methanol (pH 3.8). After centrifugation, the supernatant was analyzed by HPLC (Waters 515 pump with Waters 2707 autosampler, Waters Corp., Milford, MA USA) with electrochemical detection (Antec Decade II, Boston, MA USA). The HPLC was equipped with a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 HPLC column (100 × 4.60 mm, 2.6μm) and biogenic amines were eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 89.5% 0.1M TCA, 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA and 10.5% methanol (pH 3.8). Solvent is delivered at 0.6 ml/min.
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10

Vitamin C Quantification by HPLC

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Vitamin C analysis was performed according to the protocol in the ASEAN manual of Food Analysis (2011) (Puwastien et al., 2011 ). Vitamin C was extracted by 10% (v/v) metaphosphoric acid (MPA) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) before subjection to an HPLC system with a pump (Waters 515 pump, Waters Corporation, Massachusetts, USA) and a UV/Vis detector (UV-975, JASCO International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Vitamin C was separated by a 5μm Zorbax original ODS column (250 × 4.6 × 10−3 m, Agilent Technologies, California, USA) under isocratic solvent system (0.5% (v/v) KH2PO4, adjusted pH to 2.5 with H3PO4) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The presence of vitamin C was monitored at 254 nm (Odriozola-Serrano et al., 2007 ; Kongkachuichai et al., 2015 (link)).
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