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6 protocols using templiphi amplification kit

1

Plasmid Construction and Characterization

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All plasmids were constructed by Gibson assembly using NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix (New England Biolabs) or synthesized and cloned by Twist Biosciences and transformed into MachOne T1R chemically competent E. coli cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific). DNA primers were ordered from Integrated DNA Technologies. PCR primer oligonucleotide sequences are provided in Supplementary Data 3. PCR was performed using PrimeSTAR GXL DNA Polymerase (Takara Bio). Synthetic DNA was ordered as eblock or gblock fragments from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT). Codon optimization was performed either manually or using IDT’s Codon Optimization Tool. Plasmid DNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification using a TempliPhi Amplification Kit (Cytiva) prior to Sanger sequencing for sequence confirmation. Plasmids were purified using QIAprep Spin Miniprep kits (Qiagen) and quantified using a NanoDrop One spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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2

Milk DNA Extraction and RCA Amplification

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DNA was extracted from 200 µL milk using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA concentration and purity (i.e. OD260/OD280 ratio) were determined on a DeNovix DS-11 FX (DeNovix, Wilmington, DE, USA) spectrophotometer. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) of approx. 40 ng DNA was performed by the TempliPhi Amplification Kit (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) with random primers according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Isothermal amplification time at 30 °C was set to 18 h.
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3

Amplifying Circular DNA by RCA and TempliPhi

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For rolling circle amplification (RCA) of circular DNAs, EquiPhi29 polymerase (Thermo Fisher) was used with the denatured mix consisting of 4 μL of EquiPhi29 reaction buffer, 1 μL of extracted viral DNA, and 1 μL of each RCA primer listed in Table 1. The mixture was heated to 95 °C for 3 min and placed on ice for 5 min. A reaction mix was made consisting of 0.4 μL of 100 mM DTT (included in EquiPhi kit), 4 μL of 10 mM dNTPs (Thermo Fisher), 2 μL of EquiPhi29 polymerase, and 19.6 of μL water. The mix was vortexed, combined with the denatured mix, incubated at 45 °C for 3 h, and at 65 °C for 10 min to terminate the reaction.
For the TempliPhi procedure, the TempliPhi amplification kit (Cytiva) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In short, 1 μL of extracted DNA and 5 μL of sample buffer were combined, denatured at 95 °C for 3 min, and placed on ice. A premix of 5 μL of reaction buffer and 0.2 μL of enzyme mix was combined. 5 μL of the premix was added to the sample mix and incubated at 30 °C for 18 h, followed by an inactivation step at 65 °C for 10 min.
Both reactions were performed in a thermocycler with a heated lid. Products of both reactions were stored at −20 °C for future use.
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4

Rolling Circle Amplification for Nanopore Sequencing

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Circular low-molecular-weight DNA was rolling circle amplified with the TempliPhi amplification kit (Cytiva). Amplified DNA was digested with BamHI to release linear single genome-length molecules. The digested DNA was separated on a 1% agarose gel, and the ∼5-kb genomic DNA band was harvested with a QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen). The DNA library was prepared according to the manual for the ligation sequencing kit (Nanopore). Long-read DNA sequences were read with the Nanopore MinION system in our laboratory.
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5

DNA Isolation and Amplification from Milk

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The QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was applied to isolate total DNA from 200 μL of whole milk according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Approx. 40 ng of purified DNA was subjected to RCA using the TempliPhi Amplification Kit (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) with random primers according to the instruction manual of the supplier. Isothermal amplification was carried out at 30 °C for 18 h.
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6

DNA Extraction and Amplification from Diverse Samples

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The QIAamp Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) served for DNA isolation from serum and EDTA-stabilized blood. Sample volume was 200 µL, and DNA extraction was carried out according to the user manual. The QIAamp PowerFecal DNA Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was applied for DNA extraction from 250 mg of fecal matter according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A DeNovix DS-11 FX (DeNovix, Wilmington, DE, USA) spectrophotometer served for determination of DNA yield and quality (i.e., OD260/OD280 ratio). After DNA extraction, approx. 40 ng DNA of each sample was applied for rolling circle amplification (RCA) by using the TempliPhi Amplification Kit (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) with random primers, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For optimal amplification of circular DNA, samples were incubated at 30 °C for 18 h.
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