Jsm 6390la

The prepared granules of OCP and autogenous bone granules harvested from the rat calvarial bone were observed using SEM (JSM-6390LA, JEOL Ltd.) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV.
The OCP granules, calvarial bone granules, and mixture were collected after incubation with D1 cells at 14 days. The lyophilization of the collected specimens was carried out after washing them with ultrapure water several times. The specimens were observed before and after incubation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEM-2100F, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. Crystallographic analysis of the incubated OCP and calvarial bone was also performed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The surface morphology of the incubated calvarial bones with and without OCP was observed using SEM (JSM-6390LA, JEOL Ltd.). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of the incubated specimens were measured using FT-IR spectroscopy (FT/IR-6300; JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with the specimens diluted in KBr.

The cross-sectional surface of the H₂SO₄-treated PEEKs, the surface of PEEKs from various treatment steps, and the PEEKs removed from animals were analyzed by SEM (JSM-6390LA, JAPAN ELECTRON OPTICS LABORATORY). Each sample was fixed for 24 h in 2% PFA and 2% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C. After drying, the sample was mounted on metal stubs, metal-coated with platinum-palladium using an ion-coater, and observed by SEM at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV.

To determine the optimal immersion time of the H₂SO₄ treatment, PEEK samples treated by H₂SO₄ for various durations were cut by a diamond cutter, and the cross-sectional surface was subjected to microstructure analysis using SEM (JSM-6390LA, JAPAN ELECTRON OPTICS LABORATORY, Tokyo, Japan). The average thickness of the modified layer of the PEEK surface was measured (N = 3). The surface of the PEEK-Ag⁺ was also observed by SEM. For component analysis, the PEEK-Ag⁺ was subjected to EDX and ICP-AES. In addition, the qualitative bonding strength between PEEK and HAp was analyzed as previously reported by Tretinnikov et al^{51 (link)}. Briefly, a piece of Scotch tape (#810: 3 M Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was placed on PEEK-Ag⁺ or on PEEK subjected to the Ag⁺ coating process without H₂SO₄ treatment, and then peeled away to examine the strength of adhesion of the HAp film coating.