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11 protocols using tgf β1 human elisa kit

1

CXCL13 and TGF-β1 Quantification Assay

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The concentrations of CXCL13 and TGF-β1 in the supernatant were measured with a Human CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) and TGF-β1 Human ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Quantifying TGFβ Binding Capacity

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The ability of a-TGFβ (1D11) and nonspecific IgG-TGFβRII (anti-gp120-TGFβRII) antibody to equally bind TGFβ in vitro was evaluated by a standard ELISA assay (Supplementary Figure 1). rhTGFβ1 (0–2000 pg ml−1) was added to the plates coated with either TGFβRII-Fc (R&D Systems), a-TGFβ (Bioxcel), or IgG-TGFβRII (1 μg ml−1 each), and binding to rhTGFβ1 was detected by a biotinylated anti-human TGFβ1 antibody (R&D Systems). TGFβRII-Fc-coated plates were used as a TGFβ-binding positive control (Supplementary Figure 1). To demonstrate that both agents were administered at doses sufficient to saturate systemic TGFβ in vivo, sequestration of serum TGFβ was assessed in A375 tumor-bearing NSG immune-reconstituted mice treated with either a-TGFβ or IgG-TGFβRII (5 mg kg−1 per week) for 4 weeks (Supplementary Figure 2). At the endpoint, serum was collected from tail bleed and levels of TGFβ were detected using the TGFβ-1 Human ELISA Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

Tumor Metabolism and TGF-β Quantification

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For lactic acid or glucose measurement, 5 × 105 pretreated tumor cells were seeded in 6‐well plates for 24 hours. The RPMI‐1640 culture medium was replaced with 2 mL fresh medium; after 24 hours, the supernatant was collected and glucose and lactic acid concentrations were measured using a Glucose Assay Kit (Abcam) and Lactic Acid Test Kit (Sigma).
For TGF‐β measurement, 105 macrophages were collected and cultured for the same length of indicated time, and TGF‐β production of cells was measured according to the instructions of a TGF‐β1 human ELISA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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4

Protein Release Assays in PLMA Hydrogels

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The protein release assays were performed in PLMA hydrogels at 10, 15, and 20% (w/v) without encapsulated spheroids. The samples (n = 6) were placed into falcons with PBS (5 mL, Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA) and incubated with constant agitation (60 rpm) in a water bath at 37 °C. Over 14 d, an aliquot (1 mL) was taken at each time‐point and fresh PBS (1 mL) was added. The collected aliquots were stored at −20 °C. For total protein quantification, Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used. ELISA assays were performed to quantify the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF Human ELISA Kit, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, USA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1 Human ELISA Kit, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, USA), and epidermal growth factor (Human EGF Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D systems, Minneapolis, USA).
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5

TGFβ Concentration Validation Protocol

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To validate the concentration TGFβ, the supernatants of H1299, H1975 and NK-92 cells alone and after cocultures were harvested after 24 h. Supernatant was diluted and TGFβ was measured using TGF-β1 Human ELISA kit (Invitrogen, Cat# 88-8350-86), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, the supernatants were diluted 2-fold with ELISA kit diluent and further diluted 1.4 fold with 1N HCl and 1N NaOH. The supernatant was allowed to incubate overnight with a pre-coated 96 well plate and absorbance readings were measured at 459 and 570 nm.
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6

Quantification of Cytokine Levels

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VEGF and IL-8 and RANTES (CCL5) concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured using the BD Cytometric Bead Array. For this, BD Cytometric Bead Array Flex Sets (BD Biosciences) were used and the assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol using a BD FACSVerse flow cytometer. The resulting data were analyzed with FCAP Array 3.0 software.
TGF-β1 was measured with the TGF-β1 Human ELISA Kit (Invitrogen). For activation of latent TGF-β1, the cell culture supernatants were treated with 1 N HCl for 10 min at RT. After neutralization with 1 N NaOH, samples were measured according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Finally, absorption was assessed at 450 and 570 nm (reference wavelength) using a microplate reader (Infinite 200; Tecan Group Ltd.).
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7

Plasma TGF-β1 Quantification in HIV

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Plasma was collected from ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals and negative controls, and stored at -80°C. TGF-β1 was assessed using a TGF-β1 Human ELISA Kit (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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8

Validating miR2911 Targeting of TGF-β1

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To validate whether miR2911 directly targets TGF-β1, the HepG2 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages were plated into 6-well plates, and exposed to NC miRNA or miR2911 (2 nmol/mL) in medium containing FBS. After 24 h, cell culture supernatant was collected and TGF-β1was measured using TGF-β1 Human ELISA kit (Invitrogen, BMS249-4) or TGF-β1 Mouse ELISA kit (Invitrogen, BMS608-4), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Curcumin and Endoxifen Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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Curcumin was purchased from Plamed Green Science Limited (China). Endoxifen was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (USA). Beta estradiol, glutaraldehyde, poly-L-lysine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd (Singapore). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased Vivantis (Malaysia), DMEM-high glucose, FBS heat-inactivated, Penicillin/Streptomycin, Fungizone, were purchased from Biowest (USA). MTS assay kit was purchased from Promega (USA). High Pure RNA isolation kit, Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit, FastStart DNA master SYBR Green I were purchased from Roche (USA). Primers for E-cadherin, TGF-β1, vimentin and β-actin were purchased from First-base (Singapore), Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit and Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay Kit were purchased from invitrogen (USA).
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10

Quantifying TGF-β and IL-6 Secretion in BMFs

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of TGF-β and IL-6 from BMFs and fBMFs. When the 90% cell confluence was reached, cells were exposed to a serum-free medium for 24 h of incubation. Then, the cultured supernatant was collected and centrifuged to remove dead cells. TGF-β1 and IL-6 secretion in the cultured medium were measured using the human TGF-β1 ELISA kit and IL-6 ELISA kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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