Two zwitterionic materials, viz., MPC and SB (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used in this study. Each zwitterionic powder (3 wt%) was homogeneously mixed with distilled water using a speed mixer at 3500 rpm for 2 min and then mixed with PMMA for 3D printing (NextDent Ortho Rigid, 3D Systems, NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands). The PMMA specimens were 3D-printed using a digital light processing 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D Systems, NextDent B.V.). Thereafter, the 3D-printed blocks were detached from the platform and washed with isopropyl alcohol to remove excess resin monomers. The samples were post-processed for 10 min using a UV oven (NextDent LC-3DPrint Box, 3D Systems, NextDent B.V.). After curing, the samples were sequentially polished to 800, 1500, and 2000 grit.
Nextdent 5100
Manufactured by 3D Systems
Sourced in United States, Netherlands
The NextDent 5100 is a dental 3D printer designed for the production of dental applications. It features a high-resolution LCD light engine and can print a variety of NextDent dental materials. The NextDent 5100 is capable of producing dental models, surgical guides, and other dental prosthetics.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
7 protocols using nextdent 5100
1
Zwitterionic-Enhanced 3D Printed PMMA
2
Digital Workflow for Surgical Guide Fabrication
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The digital workflow consisted of loading the digital scan and the set‐up into the dental design software (CARES Visual) and defining the outline for the surgical guide. The digital outline had to extend from the mandibular left second molar to the mandibular right second premolar and had to be placed above the undercuts on the digital scan. The file of the surgical guide was then transferred to another software (MeshMixer, Version 3.5, Autodesk, San Rafael, CA, United States) to create the drill hole. The position of the drill hole was determined by means of a three‐dimensional shape in the diameter of a pilot‐drill and then trimmed from the surgical guide (Boolean difference). Subsequently, the file of the surgical guide with drill hole was exported to a 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, United States) and printed with resin (NextDent SG, 3D Systems). The sequence of the digital workflow is summarized in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1a–f .
3
3D-Printed Orthodontic Bracket Accuracy
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Fifteen orthodontic-bracket-shaped specimens (n = 5, control, ND-, and A-ND-incorporated) were fabricated using a 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D Systems, NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, the Netherlands). The samples were then scanned using a 3Shape E3 scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Dimensional accuracies were evaluated for the three groups against a reference computer-aided-design file used for printing brackets. The best-fit superimposition method using a 3D morphometric program (Geomagic® Control X™, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) was used to determine root-mean-square (RMS) values, which indicate trueness between samples [20 (link)]. Overall deviations were shown on a color map for intuitive comparison with deviations of ±200 µm and tolerances of ±10 µm assigned.
4
Intra-Oral Scanning and 3D Printing of Dental Models
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In this part, the acrylic master model was scanned with an intra-oral scanner (iTero Element scanner, Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA) five times. Five different STL files were generated (Figure 6 ). The STL files were sent to the 3D printer software (NextDent 5100; 3D Systems, NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) each STL file was printed to produce resin models as shown in Figure 7 .
After full printing, the cast was placed in alcohol solvent to remove the uncured resin and then was placed in light curing machine to produce the final duplicated model.
Digital scanning time, actual printing time, solvent washing time, and light curing time were measured to calculate the total timing taken to fabricate each model.
After full printing, the cast was placed in alcohol solvent to remove the uncured resin and then was placed in light curing machine to produce the final duplicated model.
Digital scanning time, actual printing time, solvent washing time, and light curing time were measured to calculate the total timing taken to fabricate each model.
5
Laminate Veneer Restoration Designs: Evaluating Tooth Reduction Depths
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A maxillary right central incisor acrylic tooth (#11) (Frasaco, Germany) was prepared for each design of laminate veneer restoration. Three designs were used involving a reduction of the labial surface depth of 0.5, 0.7, and 1 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with a 1.5 mm reduction from the incisal edge with the incisal palatal shoulder (Fig. 1 ). Depth marker burs were used to determine the cutting depth. The base of the grooves on the labial surface was marked with a lead pencil to check the amount of tooth reduction. A chamfer bur was then used to level all the grooves on the tooth surface.Fig. 1 ![]()
Schematic drawing of preparation design for laminate veneer restorations.
6
Comparative Study of Dental Resin Fabrication
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Two groups of experimental bodies (n=35) were manufactured using two types of dental resin for removable dentures -3D-printed resin NextDent (NextDent, 3D Systems, The Netherlands) and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) resin Vertex BasiQ 20 (Vertex, 3D Systems, The Netherlands). The test specimens were prepared in rectangular shape with dimensions of 20×20×3 mm, applying two manufacturing methods -conventional heat-curing polymerization and 3D printing. The shape and size of the test sample were designed with Free CAD Version 0.19 and exported as an STL file. The first group of experimental bodies was fabricated using the process of 3D printing, layer by layer, in a specialized NextDent 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D Systems, The Netherlands). The second group was prepared using the conventional method of heat-curing polymerization in special metal flasks (Fig. 1).
7
3D Printing and Heat Treatment Protocols
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Universal CAD software (Rhinoceros ® version 5, Robert McNeel & Associates, Seattle, WA, USA) was used to design the specimen, and the design file was exported in the STL format. The digital light processing (DLP) resin from NextDent C&B (NextDent, Soesterberg, The Netherlands) was used as the material for the specimen output in 3D printing, and all specimens were printed using a DLP 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D Systems, NextDent). As per the instructions of the manufacturer, the uncured resin remaining on the specimen surface was washed with 3D printing washer (Twin Tornado, MEDIFIVE, Incheon, Korea) and 90% isopropyl alcohol for 10 min. Postcuring was performed for 30 min using curing equipment (Form Cure, Formlabs, Berlin, Germany) at a UV intensity of 220 µW/cm 2 UV intensity and an internal temperature of 60 °C. The completed specimens were kept in darkness and divided into groups based on their heat-treatment method: 1-month storage at controlled room temperature, 20 to 25 °C (RT), 24 (link)-hour storage at RT, 24-hour storage in room temperature water (RTW), 1-min immersion in 80 °C water, 1-min immersion in 100 °C water, 5-min immersion in 100 °C water, and autoclaving at 121 °C for 15 min under 2 bar (autoclave). Figure 1 presents the heattreatment groups.
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