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13 protocols using sc 23950

1

Comprehensive Western Blot Analysis

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Western blot was performed as previously described 20 (link). Primary antibody used in our studies included Ac-α-Tub, collagen type I (COL I), KIF3A (ab125356, ab34710, ab11259, Abcam), intraflagellar transport protein (IFT) 88 (MFG42775, Aviva Systems Biology), ARL13B (GTX122703, GeneTex), α-SMA, (1184-1, Eptomics), MRTF-A, SHH, SMO, GLI1 (A12598, A7726, A3274, and A8387, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), SRF, PTC1, α-Tub (AF6160, AF5202, AF7010, Affinity Biosciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA), Ac-α-Tub, LaminB, GLI2, GLI3, and GAPDH (sc-23950, sc-56143, sc-271786, sc-74478, and sc-25778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).The results were normalised with loading control and expressed as the fold of the specific bands to the control group. Western blotting was repeated at least three times.
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2

Immunoblotting Analysis of TMEM182 Protein

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Cell lysates were prepared as previously reported.[20 (link)] Equal amounts of protein lysates were separated by 10~12% SDS polyacrylamide gels and transferred to poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Pall Life Sciences, Glen Cove, NY). Immunoblotting was performed with specific antibodies against TMEM182 (ab177360; Abcam). α-tubulin (sc-23950; Santa Cruz) and GAPDH (GeneTex, GTX100118) were used as internal controls. Signals from HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) and chemiluminescence was exposed onto Kodak X-Omat film (Kodak, Chalon/Paris, France).
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3

Immunostaining Embryonic Tissue Sections

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Stage-22 to 23 embryos were fixed at 23 °C with 4% PFA for 10 min, and processed for immunostaining as previously described with modifications and by using standard protocols of paraffin embedding and sectioning (69 (link)). Incubations with primary and secondary antibodies were carried out overnight at 4 °C and for 2 h at 23 °C, respectively. Primary antibodies used were anti-TRPC3, 1:1000 (ProSci #3905) and acetylated a-tubulin, 1:1000 (SantaCruz; SC-23950). Antigen retrieval was performed by boiling samples in 0.05% citraconic anhydride, pH 7.4 for 10 min in water bath (70 (link)). Samples were permeabilized with PBST (0.5% Triton) for 1 h at 23 °C. Further processing starting with a 5% BSA in PBST (0.1% Triton) blocking step for 30 min was done using SNAP i.d. 2.0 System for immunohistochemistry (Millipore). Samples (12-μm-thick immunostained transverse sections) were imaged with a confocal microscope (Nikon A1), 60× objective through approximately 15 1-μm steps.
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Adipocyte Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Proteins in the adipocytes were extracted using Pro-Prep (Intron Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea), and 20 μg of each protein was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel (12%) electrophoresis. Separated proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) membranes via a semi-dry transfer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The membranes were blocked with non-fat dry milk for 1 h and incubated with the indicated primary antibodies (dilution 1:2000) overnight, followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). HRP signals reacting with chemiluminescence reagents (Abclon, Guro, Korea) were detected on AGFA x-ray film CP-Bu NEW and quantified using ImageJ. Anti-acetylated α tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, SC-23950, Dallas, TX, USA) and anti-tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, SC-32293, Dallas, TX, USA) were used for the immunoblotting assay.
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5

Antibody Detection of Cytoskeletal Proteins

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Antibodies against alpha-tubulin (ab15246) and KLF2 (ab139699) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Antibodies against acetylated-alpha-tubulin (sc23950) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX). Actin (A2066) antibodies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Procedures were performed as previously described16 (link).
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6

Quantifying Kidney Cilia Length

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Organs from euthanized mice were collected, fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde (formalin), embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm intervals, and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining or immunofluorescence-based immunohistochemistry as described in (32 (link)). For cilia staining, kidney sections were incubated overnight with primary monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (sc-23950) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX), with further 1 hour incubation with secondary antibodies labeled with Alexa Fluor 488. Sections were mounted with Prolong Gold with DAPI to visualize nuclei (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cilia length was quantified based on the acetylated α-tubulin staining using open-source ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
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7

Quantifying Primary Cilia Length

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Primary cilia length was determined by acetylated α-tubulin immunofluorescence staining. After washing with PBS, cells were fixed with 4%w/v paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperate. Briefly, cells were washed and permeabilised with 0.2%v/v Triton-X-100 solution for 20 min at room temperature, followed by treatment with 2%v/v paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature. Unspecific binding sites were blocked (5%w/v BSA in PBS) for one hour at room temperature, followed by incubation with anti-acetylated α-tubulin antibody SC-23,950 (1:100 in PBS, Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany) overnight at 4 °C. After washing, cells were incubated with ALEXA-488 labelled secondary antibody (1:2000 in DPBS, Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) for 2 h at room temperature. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (1:1000). Images were taken with an epifluorescence microscope (EVOS FL, life technologies, Darmstadt, Germany), and primary cilia length was analyzed using the ImageJ software (Version 1.5, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States) (line tool) based on the maximum intensity projection method[39 ,40 (link)].
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8

Immunoblotting and Immunofluorescence Protocol

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For immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, antibodies against Hsp90α (ab74248, Abcam), Hsp90β (ab2927, Abcam), GFP (sc-9996, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), acetylated α-tubulin (sc-23950, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-tubulin (T5168, Sigma or MAB1864, Merck), GM130 (610822, BD Pharmingen), Rab8 (610844, BD Pharmingen), MAP4 (11229-1-AP, Proteintech), MAP1B (HPA022275, Sigma), Flag (F1804, Sigma), HA (H6908, Sigma), and GAPDH (G8795, Sigma) were used. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, DAPI solution, and nocodazole were from Sigma. Alexa-Fluor 488-, 546-, or 647-conjugated secondary antibodies, anti-fade mounting medium, and Alexa Fluor 647 Phalloidin were from Molecular Probes/Invitrogen. TSA (S1045) was obtained from Selleck. Protease, phosphatase inhibitors, and Anti-Flag or HA affinity gel were from Biomake. Anti-GFP-magnetic agarose (D153-10) was from MBL.
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Nogo-A Knockout Rats

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Sections of DRG or sciatic nerve from WT or Nogo-A KO rats, with or without CFA or SNI model, were used in this experiment. Sections of embedded tissue were collected using a cryostat, dried, and hydrated with PBS for 20–30 min at room temperature. 0.3% Triton x-100 in PBS was used for perforation at room temperature for 20 min. Sections were washed 3 times with PBS and incubated in the primary antibody overnight at 4 °C. The slides were washed with PBS and incubated with the fluorescent secondary antibody or dye at room temperature for 1 h or stored at 4 °C overnight. The primary antibody used: ace-α-tubulin (1:10,000, sc23950; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), pCRMP2 T514 polyclonal antibody (1:1000, ab62478; Abcam), guinea pig anti-TRPV-1 polyclonal antibody (AB5566; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), and TPPP3 (1:1000, bs-17172R, Bioss, Massachusetts, USA). The corresponding secondary antibodies for ace-α-tubulin, TRPV1, TPPP3, and pCRMP2 were FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:200; Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA), TRITC-conjugated goat anti-guinea pig IgG (1:200, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), TRITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA), TRITC-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:200; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), respectively.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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All rats were deeply anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 g/kg, i.p.). The nitrocellulose membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibody. The following commercially available antibodies were used as primary antibodies: ace-α-tubulin (1:10,000, sc23950, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA), pCRMP2 T514 polyclonal antibody (1:1000, ab62478; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA) guinea pig anti-TRPV-1 polyclonal antibody (1:1000, AB5566; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), GADPH (1:2000, TA-08, Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology, Guangdong, China), and β-actin (1:2000, TA-09, Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology, Guangdong, China). The blots were washed 3 times in Tris-buffered saline-Tween. The membranes were incubated with horseradish–conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, goat anti-rabbit, rabbit anti-goat, rabbit anti-guinea pig, or goat anti-mouse; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 1 h at room temperature, and developed with a chemiluminescence kit (sc-2048, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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