Ivis spectrum ct scanner

Food intake, EE and activity were measured using an open circuit indirect calorimetry system (PhenoMaster TSE Systems). Mice were previously single housed and acclimatized in training cages for 3 d before data acquisition to adapt them to the systems’ food and water dispensers. On the experimental day, 2.5–3 h after the beginning of the light cycle, mice were given an i.p. injection of CNO or vehicle and immediately returned to their cages. For measurements in the absence of food, mice were provided with a clean cage at the beginning of the light phase on the experimental day. Three hours later, food was removed, and mice were injected i.p. with CNO. Fat and lean mass were determined using an IVIS SpectrumCT scanner (Caliper LifeScience) as previously described^{21 (link)}.

For food intake and energy expenditure measurements, an open circuit indirect calorimetry system was used (PhenoMaster; TSE Systems). For the food intake recordings, mice previously single-housed and habituated to the PhenoMaster cages, food hoppers, and water dispensers were placed in the PhenoMaster chambers one day prior the experiment. On the experimental day, 3 h after beginning of the light cycle, mice were given an i.p. injection of CNO or vehicle and immediately returned back to their cages, where food intake and energy expenditure were automatically recorded. For measurements in the absence of food, mice were provided with a clean cage at the beginning of the light phase on the experimental day. Three hours later, food was removed, mice were injected i.p. with CNO, and immediately returned to their cages. Energy expenditure data was corrected for lean mass, as determined using an IVIS SpectrumCT scanner (Caliper LifeScience, USA)^{34 (link)}.