The chemicals used were petroleum ether (Merck), ethanol (Merck), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (Sigma-Aldrich), ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), carbon tetrachloride (Merck), carboxymethyl cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich), gallic acid (Merck), hydrogen peroxide (Merck), paracetamol (Glaxo SmithKline), quercetin (Sigma-Aldrich), rutin (Sigma-Aldrich) and silymarin (Micro-Lab). All the chemicals were analytical grade.
Paracetamol
Manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Paracetamol is a widely used pharmaceutical ingredient that functions as an analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is a common active ingredient in various over-the-counter and prescription medications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Aspirin, by GlaxoSmithKline (2 mentions)
Petroleum ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carboxymethylcellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carbon tetrachloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bupivacaine, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Bupivacaine, by GlaxoSmithKline (1 mentions)
Ret 2, by Physitemp (1 mentions)
I stat 1, by Abbott (1 mentions)
Diclofenac sodium, by GlaxoSmithKline (1 mentions)
Methanol 95, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron nitrate nonahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lithium metal, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cromakalim, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using paracetamol
1
Antioxidant and Pharmacological Profiling
2
Anesthetic Management for Rodent Stroke Model
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Rats were anaesthetised with isoflurane (5% induction, 2–2.5% maintenance) in 50:50% N2:O2. Incision sites were injected subcutaneously with 2 mg/kg 0.05% Bupivacaine (Pfizer, Sydney, Australia). Core body temperature was regulated and maintained at 37°C via a thermocouple rectal probe (RET-2, Physitemp Instruments Inc., Clifton, NJ, United States) and heat mat. Blood gases and pH were measured in a fast blood analyser (i-STAT 1; Abbott, Australia) at baseline prior to stroke and prior to Evans blue dye infusion from 0.1 mL blood samples taken from a femoral arterial line. This line was also used for arterial blood pressure monitoring. Prior to recovery, an additional Bupivacaine injection (0.3 mL, 0.05%, subcutaneous) and rectal paracetamol (250 mg/kg; GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom) were administered for overnight pain relief. Saline was administered intraperitoneally (2 × 1.5 mL) to replace fluid loses. Following surgery, animals were returned to their cages with free access to food and water. Cages were placed half over a heat mat to allow animals to thermoregulate during recovery.
3
Analgesic Efficacy of Drug Combinations
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The drugs and chemicals used in the study were methanol 95% (Merck, Germany), normal saline (Immunasol NS, A.Z. Pharmaceuticals Co., Pakistan), acetic acid (International Petrochemicals Pvt., Ltd., Pakistan), brewer's yeast and carrageenan (Bayer, Germany). Tramadol, aspirin, diclofenac sodium and paracetamol (GlaxoSmithKline).
4
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Composite
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Iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O), Sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and commercial α-Fe2O3 powder were purchased from Merck. Conducting graphite, Lithium metal are obtained from Alfa-aesar. Paracetamol (500 mg, acetaminophen) manufactured by Glaxo SmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd. was used in this study after its expiry. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
5
In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacology Study
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Almost 99.9% pure chemicals were used for in vivo and in vitro experimental
studies. Paracetamol, aspirin, and castor oil were obtained from GSK.
Glibenclamide, phenylephrine, doxazocin, losartan, cromakalim, carbachol, and
loperamide were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). Chemicals to make Krebs
and Tyrode’s solution were acquired from Merck (Germany). For experiments white
albino rabbits (1.0-2.0 kg) and Sprague Dawley rats (150-250 g) of both genders
were taken from Animal House of Faculty of Pharmacy. Animals were housed at 26 ±
1°C. All permitted Ethical rules were followed in the whole research.18
studies. Paracetamol, aspirin, and castor oil were obtained from GSK.
Glibenclamide, phenylephrine, doxazocin, losartan, cromakalim, carbachol, and
loperamide were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). Chemicals to make Krebs
and Tyrode’s solution were acquired from Merck (Germany). For experiments white
albino rabbits (1.0-2.0 kg) and Sprague Dawley rats (150-250 g) of both genders
were taken from Animal House of Faculty of Pharmacy. Animals were housed at 26 ±
1°C. All permitted Ethical rules were followed in the whole research.18
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