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166 protocols using melamine

1

Melamine Exposure Protocol

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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Melamine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and a stock solution of 25 mM was prepared by dissolving Melamine in ddH2O at room temperature (RT; 25 °C). Other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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2

Synthesis and Deposition of Au/g-C3N4

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2.1. Synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 from melamine g-C 3 N 4 was synthesized directly from melamine (99% Sigma Aldrich) via a solid-state thermal polycondensation reaction procedure. The white precursor was heated at 500 1C for 15 h in static air (i.e. heating rate: 5 1C min À1 ) in an alumina crucible covered with aluminum foil. 33 2.2. Impregnation of gold on g-C 3 N 4 through the deposition-precipitation method using urea (DPU)
A slurry of g-C 3 N 4 (10 g L À1 ) was prepared in a solution containing HAuCl 4 Á3H 2 O (50 mL, 99.9% Sigma Aldrich) of 1.07 mM for a 2.1 wt% gold loading and urea (99%, Fisher Scientific) (i.e. from 0 to 0.85 M). The slurry was stirred (500 rpm) at 85 1C for 1, 4, 8, or 16 hours. The slurry was then filtered and washed with 500 mL of deionized water before being dried overnight at 80 1C, forming the as-prepared Au/g-C 3 N 4 . A thermal treatment was performed at 300 1C for 1 hour (i.e. heating rate: 5 1C min À1 ) either in static air, or under a flow of 5 vol% H 2 in argon.
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3

Multifunctional MUF Microcapsules for Tung Oil Encapsulation

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Melamine (M), urea (U), and formaldehyde (F) as the core reactants for MUF synthesis; Melamine (99% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), urea (98%, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA), and formaldehyde (37 wt% solution, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for MUF microcapsules; Lauryl sulfate sodium (LSS) (99%, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (98–99%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA) for stabilization; tung oil (100% refined, Tung Oil Producers, Wuhan, China) for the core material; Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (98%, Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI, USA) and p-Phenylenediamine (>99%, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) for polyurea synthesis; Tetrahydrofuran (>99.9%, VWR Chemicals, Radnor, PA, USA) and O-(2-Aminopropyl)-O′-(2-methoxyethyl) polypropylene glycol (95%, Huntsman Corporation, The Woodlands, TX, USA) as the reactive diluent. These materials, selected for their exceptional purity from established suppliers, are critical for the fabrication of microcapsules and the resulting polyurea resin.
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4

Preparation of Uric Acid and Melamine Solutions

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Calcium chloride, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, UA, monosodium urate (MSU), potassium HCit and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). A stock solution of UA (12 mM) was prepared by dissolving UA crystals in 1 × HBSS pH 7.4. Melamine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and a stock solution of 1 mM was prepared by dissolving Melamine in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at room temperature (RT; 25°C).
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5

Multifunctional self-healing epoxy nanocomposite

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EPON 828 (a bisphenol-A based epoxide resin) and epicure 3046 (an amidoamine room temperature curing agent) were purchased from Miller Stephenson Chemical Co.
MWCNTs were purchased from Bayer Material Science. These MWCNTs feature diameters in the 2–20 nm range, and lengths between 1–10 µm with 95% purity. The self-healing 5E2N monomer was made from a mixture of endo and exo, 99%, containing 100–200 ppm Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The 2nd generation Hoveyda-Grubbs (HG2) catalyst, the encapsulating shell materials melamine, formaldehyde, urea, as well as the emulsifying agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) were purchased from Millipore Sigma, Canada. All chemicals were used as received. We also used a conductive commercial silver/epoxy ECCOBOND 56 C (Henkel Loctite Ablestik 56 C)/Catalyst 9, purchased from Ellsworth Adhesives, as electrodes for electrical conductivity measurements.
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6

Synthesis of Analytical-Grade Reagents

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High purity, analytical grade chemicals, solvents, and reagents were obtained and used as received without further purifications unless otherwise indicated. Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate, melamine, ethanol, and acetone were purchased from Millipore Sigma and were used as received. Deionized water was used for all experiments and solutions, including solutions used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements.
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7

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Nanocomposite

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Analytical grade of ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, ≥ 98%), glycine (C2H5NO2, ≥ 99%), and melamine (C3H6N6, ≥ 99%) were purchased from Merck company.
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8

Synthesis of Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), silver nitrate (AgNO3), copper nitrate hexahydrate (Cu(NO3)2·6H2O), melamine, thiourea, triethanolamine (TEOA), and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) of analytical grade were obtained from Merck India and used as received. Double distilled water was used throughout the reaction.
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9

Melamine-Potassium Hydroxide Synthesis

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Melamine and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Merck. All chemicals were of analytic grade and used without further purification. Ultrapure deionized water from a Merck Millipore water system (18.2 MΩ cm) was used in the experiments.
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10

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Materials used in this research were of high quality such as BTC (1, 3, 5-benzene tri-carboxylic acid, 98%), Copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, 99%), Copper (II) sulfate (Cu(SO4)2·3H2O, 99%), phosphate buffer saline (PBS), NaHCO3, Cu plate, NaOH, H2SO4, melamine and PVDF (Polyvinyldifluoridone) as purchased from Merck. The solvent used in the preparation of materials was NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone), DMF(N, N-dimethylformamide), and DI (deionized) water.
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