Spss software version 13

The nonparametric tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U, were performed for statistical evaluation of histopathological and immunohistochemical scores. ELISA measurements performed at 3 and 6 h to determine cytokine concentrations were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The data regarding the correlation between cytokine expression and the first and second measurement times were compared among and within each group individually for each cytokine to assess group averages and the standard error. Furthermore, the significance of the group and measurement times were assessed by the repeated measurement analysis of variance. The significance level was determined as p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software version 13.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Significant differences of physiological indices between different samples were calculated using a multiple factor analysis of variance with a LSD test (at a significance level of p < 0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for the effects of spinach genotype on gene expression (p < 0.05). The data are expressed as the mean and the standard deviation (mean ± SD, n = 3). The relationship between nitrate content and gene expression was determined using the Pearson’s correlation analysis. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software version 13.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA).

Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and analyzed using the Chi-square test with Yates’ correction or Fisher’s test for small samples. Normally distributed quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), while non-normally distributed variables were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). Quantitative variables were analyzed by the Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for all variables having significant results at univariate analysis to identify independent risk factors associated with persistent/recurrent disease; some variables with a high rate of missing data were excluded. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 13.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).
Data were collected in an anonymized electronic file. The study was approved by the Gustave Roussy Ethics Committee and the legal tutors of all the patients signed a written consent form for the participation in observational research.