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4 protocols using ufp101

1

Comprehensive Immunoblot Analysis

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The antibodies to CA9, p-RelA, RelA, p-IKKβ, IKKβ, p-IκBα, IκBα, LDH, HIF1α, SQSTM1, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP1, NRF2, and actin were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. The antibodies to GPX4 and CA9 were obtained from Abcam. The antibodies to LC3, MLKL, RIPK3, OPRL1, OPRM1, and HMGB1 were obtained from NOVUS. Desferrioxamine, β-mercaptoethanol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, N-Acetyl-l-alaine, hydrogen peroxide solution, gemcitabine hydrochloride, sulfasalazine, cobalt chloride, cycloheximide, tocopherol, necrosulfonamide, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, EDTA, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, paclitaxel, crystal violet, protease inhibitor cocktail, Z-VAD-FMK, TNF, staurosporine, cycloheximide, and lipopolysaccharides were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Erastin, ferrostatin-1, lapatinib, JTC801, and compound libraries were obtained from Selleck Chemicals. BANORL24, SB612111, UFP101, and Trap101 were obtained from Tocris Bioscience.
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2

Pharmacological Agents in Neuroscience Research

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(−) Bicuculine methiodide (#2503) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; #0190) purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrodotoxin (#1069) and UFP-101 (#1552) from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA) dissolved in water, and Ro 64-6198 (#SML1936) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in DMSO were used in this study. The final concentration of DMSO was controlled to <0.1% of water. BTRX-246040 (LY2940094, #T15799, TargetMol) dissolved in saline (3 mg/mL) with 1% DMSO and 30% sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin was used in this study (after ultrasonication). The stock solution was subsequently diluted in saline. Saline with 1% DMSO and 30% cyclodextrin was used as the vehicle (Veh).
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Pharmacological Modulation of Neuronal Signaling

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Cesium (Ca), barium [Ba; both broad-spectrum blockers of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels], naringin (GIRK channel activator), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA; protein kinase C (PKC) activator], and baclofen (BAC; GABAB receptor agonist) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; inhibitor of phosphodiesterase), forskolin (FSK; activator of adenylyl cyclase), 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist), d(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (d-AP5; NMDA receptor antagonist), bicuculline (BIC; GABAA receptor antagonist), TPNQ (blocker of GIRK channels), UFP-101 (UFP) and SB 162111 (SB; two selective antagonists for ORL1 receptor), PTX (uncoupling Gi/o-protein-coupled receptor), ML297 (GIRK channel activator) and human kisspeptin-10 [kp-10; Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2] were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (1-13)-NH2 [OFQ; Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-NH2] was purchased from Phoenix. All stock solutions (1000× or 500×) were stored at −20°C and diluted prior to each experiment at the specified concentration in SFM.
Note that throughout the calcium-imaging and electrophysiology result sections, OFQ refers to the truncated form, OFQ(1-13)-NH2, exogenously applied.
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4

Intrathecal Nociceptin Modulation of Cardiovascular Function

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The sealed end of the implanted subarachnoid catheter was retrieved and was flushed with 3 μL of aCSF to ensure patency. Nociceptin,37 (link) a selective agonist of NOP (1, 2, 5 nmol; Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK), was given at a volume of 3 μL over 1 minute using a 25 μL Hamilton microsyringe, followed by an additional 3 μL of aCSF to flush the catheter. In experiments that engaged the specific antagonist,36 (link) UFP101 (10 nmol; Tocris Bioscience) was similarly delivered intrathecally, together with Nociceptin (5 nmol) or aCSF. The doses used were adopted from the relevant literature.36 (link),37 (link) The effects of drug treatments on MAP, HR, BLF power, and BRS were routinely followed for 60 minutes after administration, and the effects on tail-flick responses were evaluated 30 minutes after intrathecal injection of Nociceptin or UFP101 plus Nociceptin. Injection of 3 μL of aCSF served as the vehicle control for Nociceptin and UFP101.
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