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33 protocols using digital caliper

1

Gadolinium Contrast-Induced Fibrosis in Irradiated Mice

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Female C57 black mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy at 10–12 weeks. After 2 weeks acclimation, the mice were lethally-irradiated (950 rads divided into sessions spaced 4 hours apart, GammaCell 40, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Mississauga, ON, Canada). Bone marrow cells (1 × 107) were harvested from green fluorescent protein-expressing C57 black male mice (C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)1310sb/LeySopJ, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) and administered via the tail veins. After 4 weeks for engraftment, animals were randomized into control (n = 5) or gadolinium contrast-treated groups (Omniscan, General Electric HealthCare, Little Chalfont, UK; 2.5 mmol/kg intraperitoneally, aiming for 20 doses over 4 weeks, n = 6). All experimental procedures and protocols were in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the NIH and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Endpoints were 1) weight loss of 10%, 2) dermatologic findings previously described (Wagner, Tan et al. 2012 (link)), or 3) completion of 4 weeks of contrast treatment. Animals were examined daily for any signs of systemic fibrosis. At the time of sacrifice, dorsal skin thickness was measured in triplicate with digital calipers (VWR, Radnor, PA).
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2

Tumor Volume Measurement in Mice

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For tumor detection, mice were palpated once weekly beginning at four weeks of age. Once a tumor was present, its dimensions (length and width) were measured weekly using digital calipers (VWR, Radnor, PA). Primary tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: tumor volume (mm3)= tumor width2 * tumor length/2 [48 (link)].
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3

Acute Knee Synovitis Induction in Rats

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Acute synovitis was induced as previously described.24 (link),25 (link) Rats were
deeply anesthetized by gaseous anaesthetic (2–4% isoflurane; 100%
oxygen at 1 L/min) until abolition of the pedal pinch reflex. The
right stifle (knee) joint was shaved, swabbed with 100% ethanol, and
knee joint diameter was measured using digital calipers (VWR, Canada)
placed laterally across the joint line. Three separate measurements
were made, and the diameters averaged. An injection of 1% kaolin
(50 µl) was then made into the intra-articular (i.artic.) space of the
right knee. The joint was extended and flexed for 10 minutes to cause
cartilage debridement. The joint was then injected with 1% carrageenan
(50 µl) and the joint was moved for another 30 seconds. At 24 hours,
joint diameter was remeasured and pain tests were performed.
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4

Xenograft Tumor Formation Assay

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One million viable cells as determined by trypan blue exclusion were suspended in 100 μl Hank's buffered saline and injected subcutaneously per flank of four 6-week female SCID beige mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilimington, MA). Tumors were measured twice weekly with digital calipers (VWR, West Chester, PA) in the two largest dimensions by a technician blinded to the genotype. Mice were euthanized at 14 weeks and tumors harvested.
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5

Bioluminescent Xenograft Models for Cancer Research

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Hey.A8 cells were labeled with luciferase, using G418-luciferase lentiviral supernatants were purchased from the vector core at CHLA. Hey.A8luc cells were selected by the addition of 400μg/ml G418 to cell culture media (Sigma). All in vivo work was performed with permission from the University of Southern California Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. For intraperitoneal injections, 1×106 Hey.A8 cells were injected alone or with 0.9×106 stromal cells. Cells were washed in PBS and resuspended in GFR phenol red free Matrigel (BD Biosciences) diluted 1:100 in ice cold PBS. Live animal imaging was performed at the USC Molecular Imaging Core. Animals were anesthetized by inhalation of 1-4% isoflurane and 50μg luciferin administered by tail vein injection. 1.5mins post-injection the animals were imaged using an IVIS® Imaging System 200 (Xenogen) and tumor foci measured by quantification of luciferase signal. For subcutaneous injections, 3×106 A2780 cells were injected alone (right flank) or with 1.5×106 stromal cells (left flank). Tumour growth was measured using digital calipers (VWR).
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6

Measuring Hind Paw Tissue Edema

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Change in hind paw width measured using digital calipers (±0.1mm; VWR, Radnor, PA) was calculated as an average of the left and right paw widths. Baseline paw widths for each mouse were taken before treatment and these values subtracted from post-treatment paw widths to calculate tissue edema as previously described [20 (link)].
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7

Pinnal Tissue Repair Assay

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For pinnal tissue repair assays, three holes of 2 mm in diameter in each ear were punched with ear punches (Fine Science Tools, British Columbia, Canada). The indicated concentration of IM was applied with a sterilized cotton swab every day. The hole area was measured with digital calipers (VWR, Radnor, PA, USA).
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8

Measuring Paw Thickness Changes

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Paw thicknesses were measured under isoflurane anesthesia using digital calipers (VWR International) and normalized to initial values measured prior to injection of bacteria or toxin.
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9

Breast Cancer Xenograft Model in Mice

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Animal studies were performed in accordance with institutional guidelines and protocols approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Tumor inoculation was performed by injecting 2 × 106 231BR (Northwestern University Developmental Therapeutics Core) or 4T1 (ATCC) cells in a volume of 50 μL PBS (Life Technologies) into the number four right mammary fat pads of 10–14 week old female NSG or BALB/c mice. NSG mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory or bred in house. BALB/c mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Tumor length and width were measured weekly using digital calipers (VWR) beginning at day 14 post-inoculation, and tumor volume was calculated using the formula Volume = (Width2 × Length)/2.
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10

Breast Cancer Xenograft Model in Mice

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Animal studies were performed in accordance with institutional guidelines and protocols approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Tumor inoculation was performed by injecting 2 × 106 231BR (Northwestern University Developmental Therapeutics Core) or 4T1 (ATCC) cells in a volume of 50 μL PBS (Life Technologies) into the number four right mammary fat pads of 10–14 week old female NSG or BALB/c mice. NSG mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory or bred in house. BALB/c mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Tumor length and width were measured weekly using digital calipers (VWR) beginning at day 14 post-inoculation, and tumor volume was calculated using the formula Volume = (Width2 × Length)/2.
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