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55 protocols using dve00

1

Quantifying hCB-EPC Paracrine VEGF

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The paracrine function of hCB-EPCs was evaluated by assaying vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in the supernatant of cultured cells. On day 4 of the culture of hCB-EPCs and HUVECs, medium was changed to Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) without growth factors but containing 10% FBS, and cultured continuously for 72 h. After centrifuging collected medium at 1000 × g for 10 min, the supernatant was used to detect VEGF by ELISA (DVE00, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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Quantification of VEGF-A in Cell Culture

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VEGF-A levels in cell culture supernatants were detected using a human ELISA kit (DVE00, R&D Systems), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, collected cell culture supernatants and standards were added in various dilutions to 96-well plates coated with capture antibody, and they were then incubated with biotinylated detection antibody. After incubation with streptavidin-peroxidase and TMB substrate, the protein contents in supernatants were determined by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm (OD450) using a plate reader (BioTek Instruments).
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3

Serum VEGF Quantification Protocol

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Blood samples were collected in anticoagulant-free tubes during the morning (between 08:00 and 09:00 h). Serum was then separated, sealed and stored at − 80 °C. VEGF levels were measured using a commercially available kit (DVE00; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, IN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All tests were conducted in duplicate for each concentration. Calculation of VEGF was performed using a standard curve for recombinant human VEGF protein. The lower detection limit was 9 pg/mL. Intra- and inter-assay variances were below 5.1 and 6.2%, respectively. Sample collection and analyses were performed in a blinded manner.
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4

Measuring hVEGF-A165 Levels

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Plasma levels of hVEGF-A165 were measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay (#DVE00; R&D Systems).
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5

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling in CSF and Serum

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The serum and CSF samples were detected for the following 13 factors: IL‐2 (R&D, D2050), IL‐6 (R&D, D6050), IL‐10 (R&D, D1000B), IL‐15 (R&D, D1500), IL‐17 (R&D, D1700), G‐CSF (R&D, DCS50), GM‐CSF (R&D, DGM00), bFGF (R&D, DFB50), VEGF (R&D, DVE00), MIP‐1α (R&D, DMA00), MIP‐1β (R&D, DMB00), MCP‐1 (R&D, DCP00), and IFN‐γ (R&D, DIF50). Every factor was assayed using ELISA kits and conducted per the manufacturer's protocols. All the marker measurements were performed by blinded independent investigators to avoid subjective bias.
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6

VEGFA and SHH Quantification

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The on-gel culture supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 200 × g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was used for ELISA, which was performed according to the kit’s instructions (R&D Systems DVE00 and DSHH00). The number of cells on the plate from which the culture supernatant was removed was counted using CellTiter-Glo 2.0 Cell Viability Assay (Promega G9241), and the amount of VEGFA and SHH was corrected using the values of CellTiter-Glo.
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7

Quantifying Serum VEGF Levels

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Serum concentration of VEGF was measured using a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction (DVE00; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The coefficient of variance for serum samples as listed on the manufacturer’s data sheet is 0.045–0.067. All analyses, including the standards, were performed in duplicates and the average intra-assay coefficient of variance for the samples was 0.049. All concentrations were above the manufacturer’s reported minimum detectable dose of 9 pg/ml.
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8

ELISA Quantification of PGE2 and VEGF

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PGE2 and VEGF in culture supernatants were determined with ELISA kits (Abcam #Ab136948 and R&D Systems #DVE00 respectively), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Quantitative VEGF Measurement in Alx3 Conditioned Media

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VEGF was quantitatively measured in vector control conditioned medium, Alx3 conditioned medium and VEGF-depleted Alx3 conditioned medium using commercial ELISA Kit (DVE00, R&D) per manufacturer protocol. Briefly, 100-μl conditioned samples were incubated in microplate stripes at R.T. for 2 hrs, followed by 2-hr incubation with 200-μl conjugate and incubation of 200 μl substrate for 30 mins, followed by measuring 450-nm absorbance. Each experiment was conducted in at least biological triplicates. Alx3 conditioned medium was incubated with VEGF (sc-7269, 1 μg per 400 μg total protein, Santa Cruz) at 4°C overnight, with normal goat IgG serum as a negative control. A total of 100-μl agarose bead slurry was incubated for 1 hr with gentle agitation to obtain supernatants.
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10

ARPE-19 Cytokine Response to DP2 Agonist

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ARPE-19 cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, CA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37°C in 5% CO2/95% air. The culture medium was replaced every 48 hours. In the experiments, cells were plated on 6-well plates (Nunc, Rochester, NY) at a density of 100,000 cells/well in 2 mL of serum-containing medium and incubated for 5 days. Confluent cell cultures were washed with serum-free DMEM/F-12 medium and treated with or without 15 µM CAY10471 in a serum-free medium and after 2 hours of incubation in the presence or absence of 15 µM 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2, a stable DP2-selective agonist (Cayman Chemical, #12720). After 22 hours of incubation, the medium was collected for cytokine measurements. The concentrations of VEGF and MCP-1 were measured using ELISA kits (R&D Systems, DVE00 and DCP00, respectively) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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