Polylactic acid (PLA) was purchased from Zhejiang Haizheng Biomaterial Co., Ltd. (Taizhou, China). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were purchased from Shanghai source leaf purchase (Shanghai, China). Pomegranate peel extract (PEE) was purchased in Rena biology co, (Xi’an, China). Luria-Bertani (LB) agar and broth were purchased from Beijing Land Bridge Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and cherry tomatoes were purchased Hao You Duo supermarket (Yangling, China). The strains used were Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 25923).
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl dpph 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Canada, Germany
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) are laboratory reagents commonly used in antioxidant assays. DPPH is a stable free radical, while 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) is a chromogenic substrate. These compounds are used to assess the antioxidant capacity of various samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 4 6 tripyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vanillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Potassium ferricyanide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carvacrol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium persulphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Monosodium phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
18 protocols using 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl dpph 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid
1
Bioactive PLA-ZnONP-PEE Antimicrobial Composite
2
Antioxidant and ACE Inhibition Assays
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The food-grade enzyme Alcalase 2.4 L was provided by Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), pyrocatechol violet, ferrozine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cu(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, NaNO3 KNO3, Ni(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)3 Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 solutions were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
3
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 0.4% trypan blue solution were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Progesterone, insulin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), retinoic acid, hydrocortisone, and LPS from E. coli O111:B4 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM/high glucose and low glucose), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and trypsin were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Primary antibodies against COX-2, NF-κB p65, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and secondary antibodies against goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP and donkey anti-goat IgG-HRP were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). TRIzol reagent were obtained from Life Technologies (Eugene, OR, USA).
4
Chromatographic Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds
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Chromatographic-grade methanol
and ethanol were used for HPLC analyses (VWR, Austria). Ammonium acetate,
copper(II) chloride, glacial acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate,
ferric chloride hexahydrate, quercetin, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic
acid (Trolox), and reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS),
neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
and ethanol were used for HPLC analyses (VWR, Austria). Ammonium acetate,
copper(II) chloride, glacial acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate,
ferric chloride hexahydrate, quercetin, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic
acid (Trolox), and reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS),
neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
5
Antioxidant Assays and Reagents
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The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), enzymes, substrates, and standards used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea). The reagents, 4-nitrophenyl α-d -glucopyranoside, sulphuric acid, potassium phosphate mono, and dibasic, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, vanillin, sodium carbonate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and potassium persulfate, methyl cellosolve were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea). All chemicals were of the analytical grade.
6
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
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2,2׳-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), NG –Methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Sephadex LH-20 (25–100 μm, GE Healthcare Bio-Science AB, Uppsala, Sweden), MCI-gel CHP20P (75–150 μm, Mitsubishi Chemical Co, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), silica gel H-precoated plates, 0.2–0,25 mm thick (Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Qingdao, China).
7
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities
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2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid (GA), and 2-thiobarbituric acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Singapore, Singapore). Ferrous sulfate, Na2CO3, and the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were bought from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India). Nutrient broth, Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB), and Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) were purchased from Himedia (Mumbai, India). Plate count agar (PCA) and peptone water were purchased from Difco (Cockeysville, MD, USA). Other chemicals were analytical grade and obtained from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand).
8
Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties
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Ethanol, hexane, acetonitrile, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Suprapur formic acid (FA) was purchased from VWR (Mississauga, ON, Canada). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), fluorescein, 2,2′-Azobis (2-methylpropion-amidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), Trolox, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, 3-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapinic, and o-coumaric acids were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, ON, Canada). All the chemicals and reagents used in the study are of analytical grade. The nano pure water was obtained from Milli-Q integral water purification system (Millipore (Canada) Ltd., Etobicoke, ON, Canada).
9
Antioxidant Compound Characterization
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2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), L-ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent and standards (gallic acid, kaempferol and quercetin) were obtained from Merck Life Science (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). LC-MS grade methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, acetone and water were also purchased from Merck Life Science. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma.
10
Antioxidant Capacity Determination Protocols
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2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), and Folin–Ciocalteau reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, aluminum chloride, and potassium sulfate were purchased from J.T. Baker (Bridgewater, NJ, USA). Gallic acid, quercetin, methanol, and ethanol were purchased from Meyer Chemical (Tlahuac, Mexico); additionally, potassium persulfate was acquired from Reasol laboratories (Mexico City, Mexico). Sodium nitrite was purchased from Monterrey Chemical Products (Monterrey, Mexico). Distilled water was used in the performance of all the experiments, and all the reagents used were of analytical grade.
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