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11 protocols using anti porin

1

Plasmid Manipulation and Protein Analysis

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Standard methods were used for plasmid manipulations and transformation of yeast (Schiestl and Gietz, 1989 (link)). Protein concentrations were determined by the method of Lowry et al (1951) (link). Antibodies against mS37, Atp6, Cor1 and Cox1 were kindly provided by Dr. A. Tzagoloff (Columbia University – New York) anti-Prx1 by Dr. Luis Netto (IB-USP, Sao Paulo/Brazil) (Gomes et al., 2017 (link)); anti-uL-29 by Dr. Martin Ott (Stockholm University - Sweden) (Gruschke et. al., 2010 (link)) anti-uL3, anti-uL16, anti-uL24, and anti-bL31 were described elsewhere (Zeng et al., 2018 (link)); anti-Porin was obtained from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA). All reagents, unless otherwise indicated, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO).
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2

Subcellular Protein Localization Analysis

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To check the expression or positioning of tagged proteins, yeast cells were cultured in YPG medium, collected at OD 10.0 and analysed by western blot according to the method described by Sui et al.58 (link). The cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of engineered strains were separated using a mitochondria extraction kit (Bioversion). Total protein in full cells were extracted using a yeast protein extraction kit (Sangon Biotech, China). For comparison of the protein expression in cytoplasm and mitochondria engineering strains, total protein in full cells and each subcellular fraction were measured using a BCA protein assay kit (Sangon Biotech, China) and 4 μg of protein was loaded in each lane. The protein samples were fractionated on 12% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore). The membranes were incubated with the indicated primary and secondary antibodies (anti-myc, Clontech; anti-porin, Invitrogen; anti-flag, MBL). Proteins were ultimately visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence and autoradiography (ECL; Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, UK).
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3

Antibody Dilution Protocol for Western Blotting

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Antibodies were purchased and used at the indicated dilutions in this study as follows: anti-HA (Abmart, M20003L; 1:3,000), anti-FLAG (Sigma, F1804; 1:2,500), anti-GFP (Roche, 11814460001; 1:2,500), anti-Pgk1 (Nordic Immunology, NE130/7S; 1:10,000), anti-Porin (Invitrogen, 459500, 1:10,000); Anti-Atg17 antibody (gifted from Prof. Yoshinori Ohsumi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo); goat anti-mouse IgG1, human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 1070-05; 1:10,000), goat anti-rabbit, human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 4010-05; 1:10,000).
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4

Antibody Validation and Dilution Protocol

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Antibodies were purchased as follows and used at the indicated dilutions: anti-GFP (Roche, 11814460001, 1:2500), anti-MYC (Roche, 11667149001, 1:2500), anti-HA (Abmart, M20003L, 1:2500), anti-FLAG (Sigma, F1804, 1:2500), anti-phospho-AMPKa (Thr172) (Cell Signaling Technology, 2535S, 1:1000), anti-Phospho-(Ser/Thr) AMPK Substrate (Cell Signaling Technology, 5759S, 1: 1000), anti-PGK1 (Nordic Immunology, NE130/7S, 1:10000), anti-Dpm1 (Invitrogen, A6429, 1:2000), anti-ALP (Invitrogen, A6458, 1:2000), anti-Pep12 (Invitrogen, A21273, 1:2000), anti-Porin (Invitrogen, A6449, 1:20000), anti-Histone H4 (Abcam, Ab10158, 1:2500), anti-LC3 (MBL, PM036, 1:1000), anti-ATR (Santa Cruz, SC-1887, 1:250), anti-Actin (Abmart, P30002, 1:5000). Goat Anti-Mouse IgG1, Human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 1070-05, 1:10000) and Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, Human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 4010-05, 1:10000).
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5

Western Blot Detection of Cellular Proteins

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Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. Routinely, proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Biosciences Protran Premium, GE Healthcare) and incubated with primary antibodies (anti-porin (Thermo Fisher Scientific—16G9E6BC4), anti-Pgk1 (Nordic Immunology—NE130/7S), and anti-Tsa1 antibody (from F.G.’s lab). After washing the membranes, the specific secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked (Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked (Cell Signaling Technology)) were added. The immunoblots were developed using the ECL prime Western blotting detection reagent (GE Healthcare). The normalized band densitometry measurements were performed with the aid of the ImageJ software [17 (link)].
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6

Mitochondrial Protein Quantification via Western Blot

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Intact mitochondria were isolated using a previously described method (24 (link)). Steady-state levels of mitochondrial proteins were resolved on SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, probed using the indicated primary antibodies and visualized using Amersham enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE life sciences, catalog #RPN2106) with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (BioRad, catalog #1662408EDU). We used previously described polyclonal rabbit antibodies for immunodetection of Sdh1 and Sdh2 (25 (link)). Anti-porin was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (catalog # 459500).
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7

Protein Detection and Quantification

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A mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG antibody, horseradish-peroxidase couple anti-rabbit and anti-mouse antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech, TX. Anti-tubulin, anti-Vps10p and anti-PMA1 antibodies were obtained from Abcam, MA. Anti-ALP, anti-porin and anti-dpm1p antibodies were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA. D-erythro-sphingosine, D-ribo-phytosphingosine and C16:0-phytoceramide were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, AL. L-Lysine (13C6) and L- Arginine (13C6) were obtained from Cambridge Isotope laboratories Inc, MA.
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8

Immunoblotting Antibody Reagents and Dilutions

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The company, product number and dilution ratio of antibody in this study are as follows: anti-GFP (Roche, 11814460001, 1:2500), anti-FLAG (Sigma, F1804, 1:2500), anti-HA (Abmart, M20003L, 1:3000), anti-phospho-AMPKα(Thr172) (Cell Signaling Technology, 2535S, 1:1000), anti-Phospho-(Ser/Thr) AMPK Substrate (Cell Signaling Technology, 5759, 1:1000), anti-Porin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A6449, 1:10000), anti-PGK1 (Nordic Immunology, NE130/7S, 1:10000), Goat anti-Mouse IgG1, Human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 1070-05, 1:10000), Goat anti-Rabbit, Human ads-HRP (SouthernBiotech, 4010-05, 1:10000).
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9

Quantitative Immunoblotting Analysis of Mitochondrial Complexes

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Electrophoresed gels were blotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes using an iBlot transfer system (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Blotted PVDF membranes were blocked at room temperature for 30 min. Primary antibody probing was performed at room temperature for 90 min. Secondary antibody probing was performed with chromogenic antibody detection kit (WesternBreeze; Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primary antibodies used for SDS-PAGE were as follows: 0.5 μg/mL anti-porin (Molecular Probes), 2.5 μg/mL anti-MT-CO1 (Molecular Probes), 2.5 μg/mL anti-MT-CO2 (Molecular Probes), 2.5 μg/mL anti-COX4 (Molecular Probes), 2.5 μg/mL anti-COX5B (Molecular Probes). Primary antibodies used for BN-PAGE were as follows: 0.5 μg/mL anti-NDUFA9 for CI (Molecular Probes), 0.5 μg/mL anti-SDHA for CII (Molecular Probes), 0.5 μg/mL anti-UQCRC2 for CIII (Molecular Probes), 2.5 μg/mL anti-MT-CO1 for CIV (Molecular Probes), 0.5 μg/mL anti-ATP5B for CV (Molecular Probes).
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10

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of Yeast Cells

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Cells were fixed with 3.5% formaldehyde in the culture medium for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with SP buffer (0.8 M sorbitol, 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5), cells were pretreated with 0.4 M β-mercaptoethanol for 30 min. After washing with SP buffer, cells were treated with Zymolyase 20T in SP buffer for 30 min to digest the cell wall. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed according to a method described previously (Kilmartin and Adams, 1984 (link)). Primary antibodies used were anti-Ald4p antibody (rabbit polyclonal, 1:50 dilution, this study) and anti-porin (mouse, monoclonal, Molecular Probe Inc., 1:20 dilution). Alexa 546 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probe) and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Molecular Probe) were used as secondary antibodies at 1:500 dilution. Immunostained cells were double-stained with DAPI (1 µg/ml). Preimmune serum was used in the same method as a control.
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