Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) was purchased from Balsanara Co. (Chungju, Chungcheong-do, Republic of Korea). In addition, 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution, methanol, tert-butanol, ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O6), TEMPO, Sudan III, rhodamine B (RhB), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and sodium chlorite (NaClO2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and 2-methyl imidazole (2-Melm) was purchased from TCI Co., Chou-ku, Tokyo, Japan).
Chloroform
Manufactured by Duksan Pure Chemicals
Sourced in Cameroon
Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor. It is a widely used laboratory solvent, known for its ability to dissolve a variety of organic compounds. Chloroform has a high boiling point and low flammability, making it suitable for various analytical and extraction processes in the laboratory setting.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (5 mentions)
Ethanol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Sudan 3, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chlorite naclo2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hypochlorite naclo solution, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Tert butanol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Galactose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Trizol reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ultrapure water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
14 protocols using chloroform
1
Balsa Wood Modification and Characterization
2
Formulation and Characterization of Perphenazine Nanoparticles
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Perphenazine (PPZ) was obtained from Darou Pakhsh Pharmaceutical Co. (Tehran, Iran). Tween 80 and lecithin were provided from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (South Korea). Glycerol monostearate (GMS) was gifted from Gattefosse Co. (Lyon, France). Chloroform and dichloromethane were obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals (South Korea). Ammonium acetate was purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (France). Analytical grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For cell culture studies, penicillin-streptomycin (1%), Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and trypsin were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Wisconsin, United States). Deionized water was freshly obtained by a Millipore® Ultrapure Water purification system.
3
Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Preparation and Characterization
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Lecithin, cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(methoxy[polyethylene glycol]-2000)(DSPE PEG-2000) were purchased from AVT Pharmaceutical Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chloroform was obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Methanol was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Poly(ethylene glycol)4000 and phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All reagents used in our study were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. 1,2-propanediol was purchased from the Taixing Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). RPMI 1640 and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.
4
Simvastatin Lipid Nanoformulation Synthesis
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Simvastatin was supplied from Aria Ltd. (Tehran, Iran). Chloroform, acetonitrile, and methanol were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Ansan, Korea). Soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC, purity >99%) was acquired from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). D-Mannitol and ethanol were obtained from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany) and JATA (Iran) companies respectively. Tween® 80, span® 80, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).
5
Evaluating Nucleic Acid Extraction from FFPE and MFPE Tissues
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We selected 30 FFPE-fixed tissue samples from 2003 to 2011 and 15 methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded (MFPE) tissue samples from 2009 to 2011 from the Department of Pathology at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. All samples were from surgical resections of gastric or colorectal cancer. We used 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde (formalin; Samchun Chemicals, Pyeongtaek, Korea). The methacarn solution consisted of 60% methanol (Duksan Pure Chemicals, Ansan, Korea), 30% chloroform (Duksan Pure Chemicals), and 10% acetic acid (Duksan Pure Chemicals).
To investigate the effects of decalcification on the quantity and quality of nucleic acids, five samples of gastrointestinal cancer tissue were treated with decalcification solution for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. To evaluate the effects of duration of fixation, we fixed the tissue in formalin for 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days at room temperature. In order to compare the influence of formalin, we fixed the tissue in formalin for one day and then stored them in 70% ethanol at 4℃ for 2, 6, 29, 89, and 179 days.
To investigate the effects of decalcification on the quantity and quality of nucleic acids, five samples of gastrointestinal cancer tissue were treated with decalcification solution for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. To evaluate the effects of duration of fixation, we fixed the tissue in formalin for 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days at room temperature. In order to compare the influence of formalin, we fixed the tissue in formalin for one day and then stored them in 70% ethanol at 4℃ for 2, 6, 29, 89, and 179 days.
6
Metabolomic Analysis Workflow Development
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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, chloroform, isopropanol and methanol were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) while HPLC-grade formic acid was commercially obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Doubleionized water was freshly prepared using a Milli-Q water-purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Deuterated cholic acid (2,2,4,4-d4) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA).
L-alanine, ammonium formate, L-aspartic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid (FA 20:1), galactose, glucose, glutamic acid, L-glycine, L-isoleucine, 2-isopropylmalic acid, L-leucine, Lmethionine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, ornithine, proline, palmitic acid (FA 16:0), L-serine, stearic acid (FA 18:0), threonine, tyrosine, and L-valine were commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and pyridine were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). 1palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC (16:0/18:1)) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE (16:0/18:1)) were commercially obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA).
L-alanine, ammonium formate, L-aspartic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid (FA 20:1), galactose, glucose, glutamic acid, L-glycine, L-isoleucine, 2-isopropylmalic acid, L-leucine, Lmethionine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, ornithine, proline, palmitic acid (FA 16:0), L-serine, stearic acid (FA 18:0), threonine, tyrosine, and L-valine were commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and pyridine were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). 1palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC (16:0/18:1)) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE (16:0/18:1)) were commercially obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA).
7
Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(Ethylene Glycol)
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The following chemicals were used as received:
triphosgene (Sigma Aldrich), Nε-tert-butyloxylcarbonyl-l -lysine (Fluorochem), l -glutamic
acid γ-benzyl ester (Fluorochem), PEG (Acros), chlorotrimethylsilane
(TMSCl, Sigma Aldrich), 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-TsCl, Sigma
Aldrich), sodium azide (NaN3, Sigma Aldrich), ethyl acetate
(EA, Macron Fine Chemicals), methanol (MeOH, Macron Fine Chemicals),
chloroform (Duksan), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, Fluorochem), hexane
(Macron Fine Chemicals), dichloromethane (DCM, Macron Fine Chemicals),
and diethyl ether (Macron Fine Chemicals). Triethylamine (TEA, Sigma),
2, 2′-(ethylene dioxy) bis(ethylamine) (EDEA, Sigma Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma), and
tetrahydrofuran (THF, Macron Fine Chemicals) were distilled before
used.
triphosgene (Sigma Aldrich), Nε-tert-butyloxylcarbonyl-
acid γ-benzyl ester (Fluorochem), PEG (Acros), chlorotrimethylsilane
(TMSCl, Sigma Aldrich), 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-TsCl, Sigma
Aldrich), sodium azide (NaN3, Sigma Aldrich), ethyl acetate
(EA, Macron Fine Chemicals), methanol (MeOH, Macron Fine Chemicals),
chloroform (Duksan), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, Fluorochem), hexane
(Macron Fine Chemicals), dichloromethane (DCM, Macron Fine Chemicals),
and diethyl ether (Macron Fine Chemicals). Triethylamine (TEA, Sigma),
2, 2′-(ethylene dioxy) bis(ethylamine) (EDEA, Sigma Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma), and
tetrahydrofuran (THF, Macron Fine Chemicals) were distilled before
used.
8
Extraction and Analysis of Sesame Seed
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The SS used in this study were acquired from a local market (Yoo Lim Oil Manufacture, Seoul, Korea), which were collected and imported from China during 2014 and 2015. They were stored in sacks before usage at a room temperature of 24 ± 2°C (mean ± range). HPLC-grade acetonitrile, n-hexane, water, and mEthanol were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ). BaP standard was from WAKO (Osaka, Japan). Ethanol, ethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, chloroform, iodine, acetic acid, potassium iodide, sodium thiosulfate, starch indicator, and sodium carbonate, were from DUKSAN (Ansan, Korea). Thymolphthalein was from DAEJUNG (Siheung, Korea). Bromine was from SAMCHUN (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and gallic acid standard were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sesamol standard was from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd (Chengdu, China). Sesamolin standard was from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China).
9
Quantitative Analysis of Glycan Composition
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All chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless stated otherwise. TNF-α was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). TRIzol® reagent and a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The MAPK Family Antibody Sampler Kit (cat. no. 9926), and a phospho-MAPK Family Antibody Sampler Kit (cat. no. 9910) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Sugar standards (mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose), trifluoroacetic acid, sodium hydroxide, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one (PMP), hydrochloric acid, and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The InfinityLab Poroshell 120 120 EC-C18 was purchased from Agilent. Methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Baker Chemical Company (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Chloroform was obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. (Ansan-si, Republic of Korea). All solvents used for chromatography were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
10
Lipid-based Drug Delivery Protocol
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AmB and PTM were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cholesterol, span 60, span 80, methanol, ethanol, potassium chloride and sodium chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Heidenheim, Germany). Chloroform, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Ansan-si, South Korea). Roswell park memorial institute (RPMI-1640) medium, was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Medium199, fetal bovine serum, penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from m BDH laboratory, England. Rest of the chemicals used were purchased from local manufacturers.
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