K tsta 100a assay kits

Three grams of powdered sample (grain or bran) were dried at 105 °C for 3 h to determine the moisture content. The total protein content was measured by the Dumas method, 990.03 [30 ], in an elemental analyzer (LECO Corp., St. Joseph, MI, USA). To convert nitrogen into protein values a conversion factor of 6.25 was used. A Soxtec extracting unit (AOAC 2005, method 2003.05) [30 ] was used to determine the total fat content with petroleum ether extraction (40–60 °C) for 4 h.
For the ash content, samples were incinerated in a muffle furnace at 550 °C for 5 h (AOAC 2005, method 923.03) [30 ]. Carbohydrates were estimated by difference. Total dietary fiber (TDF) content was determined using the TDF100A-1KT assay kit provided by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, based on AOAC method 985.29 [30 ]. Phytic acid (PA) and total starch content (TSC) were determined using the K-PHYT and K-TSTA-100A assay kits (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland), respectively. All results were corrected for moisture content and expressed as g 100 g⁻¹ of dry matter (d.m.). All analyses were performed in duplicate.

The nutritional composition of the raw ingredients, WB and OH, was determined. Dumas method, 990.03 [38 ], was used to determine the total protein content using an elemental analyser (LECO Corp., St. Joseph, MI, USA). To calculate the protein content, the conversion factors of 5.47 for wheat and 5.54 for oat were used. A petroleum ether extraction (40–60 °C) for 4 h in a Soxhlet extraction unit (AOAC 2005, method 2003.05) [38 ] was used to determine the total fat content. Moisture content was measured by drying three grams of powdered sample (WB, OH) at 105 °C for 3 h. For ash content, the samples were incinerated at 550 °C for 5 h in a muffle furnace (AOAC 2005, method 923.03) [38 ]. Carbohydrates were determined by difference. For total dietary fibre (TDF) content, the AOAC method 985.29 [38 ] was followed, with the use of the TDF100A-1KT test kit supplied by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). K-PHYT, K-BGLU and K-TSTA-100A assay kits, provided by Megazyme (Wicklow, Ireland), were used to determine phytic acid (PA), β-glucan and total starch content (TSC), respectively. The results were expressed in g 100 g⁻¹ of dry matter (d.m.). All analyses were performed in duplicate.