3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2 h tetrazolium bromide

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was purchased from sigma (Shanghai, China); Octanol, cyclohexane, X-100 Trition, ammonia, anhydrous ethanol, acetic acid, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), acetone, 2-benzimidazolepropionic acid (BM) were purchased from Aladdin Ltd. (Shanghai, China). NHS-PEG-COOH (PEG) was purchased from Tuo Yang Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Alendronate sodium trihydrate (ALN), β-Cyclodextrin (CD), N-Hydroxysuccinimide-1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione (NHS), (1- (3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Beyoytime (Shanghai, China); 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Crystalline violet staining solution, Chlorin e6 (Ce6), 4% Paraformaldehyde, 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), Pore polycarbonate film (pore size 8 mm), Matrigel were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). All chemicals were used without further purification. Distilled and deionized water was used throughout the experiments.

The original COS sample was purchased from Qingdao Yunzhou Biochemistry Co. (Qingdao, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA, USA). RPMI 1640 medium, penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). LPS, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co. (Beijing, China). Antibodies used in WB/immunofluorescence (IF) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

The roots of C. pilosula Nnannf from Pingshun County of Changzhi city (Shanxi Province, China) were purchased through Tianjin Taijin Technology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were provided by Solarbio Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). T-series dextran and neutral red were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). A nitric oxide (NO) assay kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), as well as a Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit and Mouse Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ELISA Kit from ZCIBIO Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.