Alzet mini osmotic pumps model 2004

FGF21 was purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA). Alzet Mini-Osmotic Pumps (model 2004) were purchased from Durect Corp. (Cupertino, CA, USA). Vitamin D₃, nicotine, Alizarin-red S and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Calcium assay kit was purchased from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was purchased from Jiancheng Biological Corp. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Antibodies against GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies against p-JNK and JNK were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against GAPDH and all secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The kit for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Indianapolis, IN, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.

FGF21 was from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for β-Klotho and FGFR1 was purchased from Cloud-Clone Co. (Wuhan, Hubei, China). The ALP kit was from Jiancheng Biological Co. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). The calcium assay kit was from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). The VDN was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The urea determination kit and creatinine determination kit were purchased from Zhongsheng Biosino Bio-technology and Science INC (Beijing, China). The regents for calcium and phosphate determination were from North Beijing Xinchuangyuan seized Biological Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Alzet Mini-Osmotic Pumps, model 2004, were from Durect Corp. (Cupertino, CA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.