Isopropyl alcohol

TiO₂ P25 Evonik was used as photocatalytic nanomaterial (10–50 nm nanoparticle diameter, as reported in the Supplementary Materials, Figure S1). In these experiments, 710 μm-thick chips (1 × 1 cm²) of double-face polished crystalline silicon (100) (MicroChemicals GmbH, Ulm, Gemany) and stainless-steel meshes (LPS Tele INOX 316L, Monza, Italy) were used as substrates, respectively, for the chemical, morphological, and structural characterization of the nanocomposite films (XPS, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and profilometry) and for the chemical and morphological (SEM/EDX) investigation and for the evaluation of their photocatalytic activity.
Hexamethyldisiloxane ≥ 98% (HMDSO, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and isopropyl alcohol ≥ 99.8% (IPA, Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA) were used to prepare the dispersion used as an aerosol feed. He (99.999%) (Air Liquide, Milano, Italy) was used as a gas feed for the plasma deposition process. Methylene blue (3,7-bis(Dimethylamino)-phenazathionium chloride, MB) purchased from Aldrich Chemical reagents and Milli-Q quality water (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) were used for the photocatalytic activity evaluation.

Isopropyl alcohol was purchased from Honeywell (Hanover, Germany). Petroleum solvent, Nefras grade C2-80/120, was purchased from “Latvijas ķīmija” (Riga, Latvia). Activated charcoal powder, chloroform-d, Kraft lignin, and beechwood xylan were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was produced from old filter paper waste according to the method previously reported by the authors [27 (link)]. NFC sizes ranged from 40 to 120 nm in diameter, and fiber lengths from around 500 to 2000 nm. Pine needles (Pinus sylvestris, L.) were gathered locally in Latvia through a forestry company.

To determine the amount of viable and dead bacteria under mepyramine stress conditions (30, 100 and 1000 μg/ml mepyramine, incubation time 24 h at 37 °C) the LIVE/DEAD™ BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used according to manufactures manual. The assay contains two fluorescent nucleic acid stains (SYTO 9 and propidium iodide). Bacteria with intact membranes (living bacteria) are stained fluorescent green, whereas cells with damaged membranes (dead bacteria) are stained fluorescent red. Bacteria cultures without adding any agent served as positive control. Bacteria with addition of isopropylalcohol (70%, Honeywell, Morristown, NJ, USA) were used as negative control. The stained bacterial suspension was analysed using fluorescence microscopy (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) by counting the stained bacterial colonies in two visual fields (100 x magnification) at 490 and 546 nm [16 (link), 17 (link)].