Butanol, chloroform, isopropanol, methanol, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Resveratrol, stearic acid, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween-20), taurodeoxycolic acid, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DCC), sodium taurocholate hydrate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA).
Alpha linolenic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Alpha-linolenic acid is a type of omega-3 fatty acid. It is a naturally occurring compound found in certain plant oils, such as flaxseed, canola, and walnut oils.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Docosahexaenoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butanol, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Sodium taurocholate hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Palmitic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
5 protocols using alpha linolenic acid
1
Fatty Acid and Compound Extraction
2
Fatty Acid and LPS Assay Protocol
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MCFAs samples of C8:0, C10:0, as well as LCFAs samples of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and alpha linolenic acid (C18:3) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), DHA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), oil red O, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and DMEM culture medium were provided by Gibco (Grand Island, Nebraska, USA). OCT compound was from Tissue Tek (Sakura, Torrance, CA). Other reagents were available at Sigma-Aldrich.
3
Proliferation Assay for HCC Cells
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The CCK-8(Dojindo) assay was employed to analyse the proliferation. HCC cells (3000/well) were seeded into 96-well plates with 100 µl complete medium (control) or 100 µl different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). HCC cells (3000/well) were seeded into 96-well plates with 100 µl complete medium (control) or 100 µl different concentrations of GW4064 (the FXR agonist, CAS No.: 278779-30-9, MCE). For the OD value testing, each well was cultured with 10 µl of CCK-8 reagent for 2 h. The OD values were measured at 450 nm with a SYNERGY H4 microplate reader.
4
Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals
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Gallic acid, oleanolic acid, diosgenin, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid (as reference standards) and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, vanillin, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and anisaldehyde were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). All other solvents and chemicals used were of analytical or HPLC grade. The working solutions were prepared immediately prior to measurement.
5
Chemicals and Reagents for Analytical Protocols
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The chemicals were obtained from the following sources: arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, gamma‐linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany); HPLC standards of 12(±)‐HETE, 12S‐HETE, 15(±)‐HETE, 15S‐HETE, 13S‐HODE, 13(±)‐HODE from Cayman Chem. (distributed by Biomol, Hamburg, Germany); sodium borohydride from Life Technologies, Inc. (Eggenstein, Germany); HPLC solvents from Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands); antibiotics and isopropyl‐β‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany); restriction enzymes from Thermo Fisher Scientific‐Fermentas (Schwerte, Germany); and the E. coli strain (Rosetta(DE3) pLysS) from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, USA). Oligonucleotide synthesis was performed at BioTez (Berlin, Germany). Nucleic acid sequencing was carried out at Eurofins MWG Operon (Ebersberg, Germany).
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