Vantage m

Nighttime sleep and physical activity during the entire day were assessed using Polar devices (models A370, M430, M600, Vantage V, and Vantage M). These wrist-worn devices use validated proprietary algorithms to automatically translate biosignals into PA and sleep–wake metrics [14 (link), 15 (link)]. For the purpose of the present study, derived sleep metrics included total sleep duration (calculated as the duration of time between sleep onset and offset, excluding wakefulness within that period), and sleep efficiency (calculated as the percent of total sleep duration out of the duration of time between sleep onset and offset). Sleep efficiency calculation thus does not include the sleep latency period and was used as a measure of sleep quality [16 (link)].
Physical activity levels were quantified per 30-s epochs and classified into one of the following categories: (1) moderate physical activity, with metabolic equivalent (MET) values between 2.95–5.95; (2) vigorous physical activity, with MET values between 5.95–8.75; or (3) near maximal physical activity, with MET values ≥ 8.75 [17 ]. In the present study, we used two PA variables, one including all activity from the moderate level upwards (MVPA) and one including activity from the vigorous level upwards (VPA).

Given the difficulties of analyzing acute neuromuscular and physiological parameters during WPT matches, SC was designed. The SC characteristics appear in Table 2. SC consisted of organizing a padel match to reproduce a competitive situation similar to an official one and in line with International Padel Federation rules [23 ]. Matches were played on an open-air court. Players’ training intensity and volume were reduced in the 2 days before SC to reduce fatigue.
SC was organized in accordance with the official regulations for professional tournaments, and all the matches were played with the best of three sets [23 ]. Matches ended in a tie break if there was a tie after six games. Before starting SC, players did a standard 15-min warm up divided into a 5-min movement and general warm up session and a 10-min specific technical warm up on the court. Players were monitored during SC by pulsometers (Vantage M, Polar, Finland). During matches, what the players drank was controlled. Drinks consisted of bottled mineral water. Players could drink ad libitum during matches.
The total time was the full match time, from the time it began to the time it ended and included game and rest periods. Real time was the time from when a point began (when the serving player hit the ball) until the end. Rest time was from the end of one point to the beginning of the next point [10 (link)].

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate were evaluated using a pulsometer (Polar, Vantage M, Kempele, Filand) and a digital arm tensiometer (Visomat; comfort 20/40, Külsheim, Germany). These cardiovascular evaluations were performed in resting conditions and after the strength test. On the second day, the cardiovascular evaluations were performed under resting conditions, after the sauna bath and after the strength test. All measurements were performed on the left arm.