in yeast (≥98% purity,
MW 5.8 kDa), protamine sulfate salt from salmon (MPRRRRSSSRPVRRRRRPRVSRRRRRRGGRRRR)
(MW 5.1 kDa), 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt (ANS),
and zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, NaCl, and phenol were purchased from Merck Chemicals Ltd.
All experiments were performed in phosphate buffer at pH 8.0 containing
10 mM Na2HPO4, 10 mM NaH2PO4, and NaCl. The concentration of insulin was measured using an absorbance
of 276 nm on the Cary 100 UV–vis spectrophotometer. The molar
extinction coefficient used for insulin was 6200 M–1cm–1.13 (link)