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2 mercaptoethanol

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2-Mercaptoethanol is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a reducing agent, helping to maintain the reduced state of proteins and other biomolecules during various experimental procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (423 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (411 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (333 mentions) Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (329 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (327 mentions) Non essential amino acids (neaa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (310 mentions) Sodium pyruvate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (289 mentions) Glutamax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (245 mentions) Hepes, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (172 mentions) Rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (154 mentions) Knockout serum replacement (ksr), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (126 mentions) Dmem f12, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (114 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (109 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (107 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (85 mentions) Mem non essential amino acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (75 mentions) Pen strep, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (63 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (44 mentions) Fetal calf serum (fcs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (43 mentions) Knockout dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (42 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

ß-mercaptoethanol (100 citations) 2-β mercaptoethanol (36 citations) 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) (28 citations) 2-beta-mercaptoethanol (11 citations) M 2-mercaptoethanol (8 citations) 2-mercaptoethanol 50 mM (4 citations) 2-mercaptoethanol (BME) (4 citations) 2-mercaptoethanol solution (3 citations) 2-mercaptoethanol (ME; (2 citations) Gibco 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) (2 citations)

1 620 protocols using 2 mercaptoethanol

1

Establishment and Characterization of DLBCL Cell Lines

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Non-GCB type DLBCL cell-line NU-DUL and GCB type DLBCL cell-lines OCI Ly1 and OCI Ly18 were purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ, Germany). Non-GCB type DLBCL cell-lines OCI Ly3, OCI Ly10 and GCB type DLBCL cell-line OCI Ly19 were a kind gift of Dr. F. Bertoni, Bellinzona, Switzerland. NU-DUL were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FCS) + 2-Mercaptoethanol (50mM; Invitrogen); OCI Ly10, OCI Ly3 and OCI Ly1 in IMDM 20% FCS + 2-Mercaptoethanol (50mM); OCI Ly18 in RPMI 10% FCS + 2-Mercaptoethanol (50mM) and OCI Ly19 in RPMI 10% + 2-Mercaptoethanol (50mM) + MEM NEAA + sodium pyruvate. BL Raji cell-line was purchased from ATCC and cultured in RPMI 20% FCS. Testing for Mycoplasma infection was carried at a monthly basis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and B lymphocytes from healthy donors were obtained from peripheral blood as per standard Ficoll Paque® protocol; B lymphocytes were purified using CD19-coated magnetic MicroBeads according to the manufacturer's protocol (Miltenyi Biotech).
Pizzi M., Piazza F., Agostinelli C., Fuligni F., Benvenuti P., Mandato E., Casellato A., Rugge M., Semenzato G, & Pileri S.A. (2015). Protein kinase CK2 is widely expressed in follicular, Burkitt and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and propels malignant B-cell growth. Oncotarget, 6(9), 6544-6552.
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2

Derivation and Differentiation of Sall1-GFP ESCs

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Sall1GFP/+ ESCs were derived from Sall1GFP/+ mice [9 (link)]. ESCs were maintained in Knockout DMEM supplemented with 15% KSR (Gibco), Penicillin-Streptomycin (Nacalai tesque), MEM-NEAA, GlutaMAX, Sodium Pylvate, 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco), LIF (WAKO) on MEF. To differentiate Sall1-GFP ESCs, embryoid bodies (EB) were generated with DMEM (KOHJIN BIO) containing 20% FBS, 2.4mM L-Glutamine, MEM NEAA, 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco), LIF (WAKO). After 2 days, EBs were cultured in DMEM (KOHJIN BIO) containing 20% FBS, 2.4mM L-Glutamine, 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco). The medium was changed every two days. To generate time dependent Sall1 overexpressing cells, A DOX inducible SALL1 expressing piggybac vector and a PBEF1a-mSALL1-IRES-mcherry vector were co-electroporated with the piggybac transposase vector PBASE2 into 201B7 cells [10 (link)] with NEPA21 (NEPA GENE) [11 ]. DOX-SALL1 hiPSCs were maintained and differentiated as described [12 (link)].
Morita Y., Andersen P., Hotta A., Sasagawa N., Kurokawa J., Tsukahara Y., Hayashida N., Koga C., Nishikawa M., Evans S.M., Furukawa T., Koshiba-Takeuchi K., Nishinakamura R., Yoshida Y., Kwon C, & Takeuchi J.K. (2016). Sall1 Transiently Marks Undifferentiated Heart Precursors and Regulates their Fate. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 92, 158-162.
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3

NK and T Cell Expansion and Activation

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Sorted splenic NK cells were expanded in NK cell culture medium
(RPMI+ 10% FBS+ 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin+
1X 2-Mercaptoethanol (Gibco)), and supplemented with 20ng/mL recombinant
IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes for 7–8 days. For
Id2 and Rroid induction, expanded NK
cells were washed 2x in PBS and 5×105 cells were plated
500μL of culture medium without cytokines and allowed to rest at
37°C for 4 or 5 hours. Following this period, 500uL of pre-warmed
culture media containing IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes to a final
concentration of either 0.5ng/mL or 5ng/mL IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes
and cultured for an additional 3h.
For in vitro T cell stimulation,
2×105 sorted splenic CD4+ or
CD8+ T cells were plated in T cell culture medium
(RPMI+ 10% FBS+ 20mM HEPES+ 1X L-Glutamine
(ThermoFisher Scientific)+ 1X Sodium Pyruvate (ThermoFisher
Scientific)+ 1X 2-Mercaptoethanol+ 1X Nonessential amino
acids (ThermoFisher Scientific)+ 1X Penicillin/Streptomycin) in 48
well plates pre-coated overnight with 5μg/mL anti-CD3 (145-2C11,
ThermoFisher Scientific) and 1 μg/mL soluble anti-CD28 (37.51,
ThermoFisher Scientific). For Th0 conditions, the media was supplemented
with 100U/mL recombinant human IL-2; for Th1-skewing conditions, the media
contained 100U/mL IL-2+ 20ng/mL IL-12, and 10ng/mL anti-IL-4. For
CD8+ T cells, the media contained 100U/mL IL-2.
Mowel W.K., McCright S.J., Kotzin J.J., Collet M.A., Uyar A., Chen X., DeLaney A., Spencer S.P., Virtue A.T., Yang E., Villarino A., Kurachi M., Dunagin M.C., Pritchard G.H., Stein J., Hughes C., Fonseca-Pereira D., Veiga-Fernandes H., Raj A., Kambayashi T., Brodsky I.E., O’Shea J.J., Wherry E.J., Goff L.A., Rinn J.L., Williams A., Flavell R.A, & Henao-Mejia J. (2017). Group 1 Innate lymphoid cell lineage identity is determined by a cis-regulatory element marked by a long non-coding RNA. Immunity, 47(3), 435-449.e8.
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4

B Cell Isolation and Stimulation

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B cells from the spleen were enriched by MACS, collecting the negative fraction of CD43 (Ly48) Microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec). Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Corning) supplemented with 10% FBS (MilliporeSigma), 1x Penicillin-Streptomycin, 1x MEM Nonessential Amino Acids (Corning), 1mM Sodium Pyruvate, 2mM GlutaMax, and 55μM 2-Mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The following concentrations were used for cell stimulation: 10μg/ml anti-mouse IgM F(ab’)2 (Jackson ImmunoResearch), 10ng/ml mouse rBaff (R&D Systems), 5μg/ml anti-mouse CD40 (1C10) and 10ng/ml mouse rIL4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Total BM cells were cultured in IMDM with GlutaMax (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS (MilliporeSigma), 1x Penicillin-Streptomycin (Corning), 55μM 2-Mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and in the presence of 10ng/ml mouse rIL7 (PrepoTech).
Ramezani-Rad P., Leung C.R., Apgar J.R, & Rickert R.C. (2020). E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbw7 regulates the survival of mature B cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 204(6), 1535-1542.
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5

Culturing Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Cell culture mESCs were routinely cultured on 0.1% gelatin (Sigma Aldrich)-coated tissue culture flasks in serum + LIF medium composed of GMEM (ThermoFisher), 10% batch-tested fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma Aldrich), 1x GlutaMAX (ThermoFisher), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (ThermoFisher), 1x non-essential amino acids solution (ThermoFisher), 100 µM 2mercaptoethanol (ThermoFisher) and 10 ng/ml LIF (MPI protein expression facility). Cells were passaged every two to three days using 0.05% Trypsin (PAN Biotech). Basal medium for serum free culture was N2B27, prepared as a 1:1 mixture of DMEM/F12 (PAN Biotech)
and Neuropan basal medium (PAN Biotech) with 0.5% BSA, 1x N2 and 1x B27 supplements (ThermoFisher) and 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol. For FGF stimulation experiments, short-term serum-free culture was carried out in N2B27 supplemented with 3 µM CHIR99201 (Tocris), 1 µg/ml of Heparin (Sigma) and with or without 10 ng/ml LIF as indicated. Recombinant human FGF4 used was obtained from Peprotech. For live imaging and immunostaining studies, cells were seeded on polymer-bottomed ibidi µ-slides (ibidi) coated with 20 µg/ml fibronectin.
Raina D., Fabris F., Morelli L.G., & Schröter C. (2020). Intermittent ERK oscillations downstream of FGF in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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6

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture Protocol

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Cells were clone sorted into 96-well round-bottom plates. HSCs were cultured in S-Clone (Iwai North America Inc.) supplemented with 0.75% AlbuMAX-I (Gibco), 1x penicillin/streptomycin, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen) and the following cytokines: 20 ng/ml mouse stem cell factor, 20 ng/ml mouse thrombopoietin, 20 ng/ml mouse IL-12. Myeloid progenitors and c-kit enriched cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and F-12 medium (Gibco and Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone and Thermo Scientific), 1x penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM GlutaMAX, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen), and the following cytokines: 20 ng/ml mouse stem cell factor, 20 ng/ml mouse thrombopoietin, 20 ng/ml mouse IL-3, 20 ng/ml mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (all purchased from PeproTech). c-kit enriched bone marrow (2×106 cells/ml) were exposed for 4 hours to 10 μM ATMi (KU55933, Selleckchem). All cells were kept in a 5% O2 incubator.
Gutierrez-Martinez P., Hogdal L., Nagai M., Kruta M., Singh R., Sarosiek K., Nussenzweig A., Beerman I., Letai A, & Rossi D.J. (2018). Diminished apoptotic priming and ATM signalling confer a survival advantage onto aged haematopoietic stem cells in response to DNA damage. Nature cell biology, 20(4), 413-421.
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7

Differentiation of Mouse iPS Cells

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Mouse iPS cells were generated in our laboratory as previously described 21. Mouse iPS cells were cultured on gelatin‐coated flasks (phosphate‐buffered saline [PBS] containing 0.04% of gelatin from bovine skin; Sigma) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 IU/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen); 10 ng/ml recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (Millipore); and 0.1 mM 2‐mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen) in a humidified incubator supplemented with 5% CO2. The cells were passaged every 2 days at a ratio of 1:6. Differentiation of iPS cells was induced by seeding the cells on type IV mouse collagen (5 µg/ml)‐coated dishes in differentiation medium (DM) that contains α‐MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen), 0.05 mM 2‐mercaptoethanol, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin in the presence of with 50 ng/ml VEGF from 0 to 8 days.
Chen T., Margariti A., Kelaini S., Cochrane A., Guha S.T., Hu Y., Stitt A.W., Zhang L, & Xu Q. (2015). MicroRNA‐199b Modulates Vascular Cell Fate During iPS Cell Differentiation by Targeting the Notch Ligand Jagged1 and Enhancing VEGF Signaling. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio), 33(5), 1405-1418.
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8

Immortalized Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Culture

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SV40 large T-antigen immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in DMEM-high glucose supplemented with 10% FBS (Giboco), 2 mM L-glutamine (Nakarai-Tesque, Japan), 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, and nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen) at 37°C under humidified conditions with 5% CO2. eIF2α kinase quadruple knockout (4KO) and single eIF2α kinase-rescued 4KO MEF cells were previously established [22 (link)]. Wild type, HRI KO, and GCN2 KO in Hap1 cells were cultured in IMDM (HyClone) supplemented with 10% FBS, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen) at 37°C under a humidified condition with 5% CO2. HRI KO and GCN2 KO in Hap1 cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system.
Hamada Y., Furumoto Y., Izutani A., Taniuchi S., Miyake M., Oyadomari M., Teranishi K., Shimomura N, & Oyadomari S. (2020). Nanosecond pulsed electric fields induce the integrated stress response via reactive oxygen species-mediated heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) activation. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0229948.
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9

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture Protocol

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Cells were clone sorted into 96-well round-bottom plates. HSCs were cultured in S-Clone (Iwai North America Inc.) supplemented with 0.75% AlbuMAX-I (Gibco), 1x penicillin/streptomycin, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen) and the following cytokines: 20 ng/ml mouse stem cell factor, 20 ng/ml mouse thrombopoietin, 20 ng/ml mouse IL-12. Myeloid progenitors and c-kit enriched cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and F-12 medium (Gibco and Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone and Thermo Scientific), 1x penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM GlutaMAX, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen), and the following cytokines: 20 ng/ml mouse stem cell factor, 20 ng/ml mouse thrombopoietin, 20 ng/ml mouse IL-3, 20 ng/ml mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (all purchased from PeproTech). c-kit enriched bone marrow (2×106 cells/ml) were exposed for 4 hours to 10 μM ATMi (KU55933, Selleckchem). All cells were kept in a 5% O2 incubator.
Gutierrez-Martinez P., Hogdal L., Nagai M., Kruta M., Singh R., Sarosiek K., Nussenzweig A., Beerman I., Letai A, & Rossi D.J. (2018). Diminished apoptotic priming and ATM signalling confer a survival advantage onto aged haematopoietic stem cells in response to DNA damage. Nature cell biology, 20(4), 413-421.
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10

Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Culture

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For the primary culture of BMDMs, the femur was isolated from 6–8-week-old mice. Femoral bone marrow cells were cultured at a density of 5 × 106 cells with DMEM medium (Gibco) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 30% L929 cell-conditioned medium, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Daejung), 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco) in a 100 mm bacteria dish. After a full day, nonadherent cells were collected and resuspended in a fresh medium. Aliquots of 1 × 106 cells were cultured for 10 days at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a 100 mm cell culture dish. Fresh culture medium was added on day 4 and replaced on day 738 (link).
In BMDCs culture, femoral bone marrow cells were cultured with RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Gibco), 1% nonessential amino acid solution (Gibco), 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Daejung), 20 ng/ml GM-CSF (Peprotech), 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco) at a 100 mm bacteria dish (5 × 106 cells) for 8 days. Fresh culture medium was added and replaced on day3 and day 6 respectively39 (link).
Lee A.H., Shin H.Y., Park J.H., Koo S.Y., Kim S.M, & Yang S.H. (2021). Fucoxanthin from microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Scientific Reports, 11, 543.
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