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70 protocols using cesium carbonate

1

Quantitative Analysis of Krill Oil

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The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) reference standard of krill oil and European Pharmacopoeia reference standard PLs (PC and PE) were purchased from MERCK Korea (Seoul, Korea). The krill oil raw material used in producing supplements was acquired from Pulses (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Additionally, seven krill oil supplements (soft capsules) were purchased from different retailers in Korea. Fish oil (from Menhaden, a crude source of omega-3 fatty acids) used to dilute krill oil samples was purchased from MERCK Korea. qNMR standard grade triphenyl phosphate (TPP) for a 31P NMR internal standard (ISD) was purchased from MERCK Korea. Most of the reagents were also purchased from MERCK: chloroform (HPLC grade), cesium carbonate (CsCO3, 99.9% trace metals basis), and ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA, 99.995% trace metals basis). chloroform-d (CDCl3, 99.8 atom% D, contains 0.03% (v/v) TMS) and methanol-d4 (≥99.8 atom% D) for 31P NMR measurement were purchased from BK Instruments (Daejeon, Korea).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Bile Acid Derivatives

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Cholic acid (CA, 98%), deoxyCholic acid (DCA,
98%), lithoCholic acid (LCA, 98%), propargyl bromide, pyrene (99.99%),
cysteamine·HCl, and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA)
(99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (India). Potassium bromide
(KBr), methanol (MeOH), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate (EtoAC),
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), cesium carbonate,
diethyl ether, and sodium chloride were obtained from Merck (India).
All materials and solvents were used as received from the suppliers
with no further purification. The glass containers were washed with
aqua regia (HCl/HNO3 3:1, v/v) and then rinsed with double-distilled
water. All solutions for the CMC measurements were prepared using
deionized double-distilled water.
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3

Synthesis of Lead Compounds

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Cesium carbonate (Aldrich,
99%), hydrobromic acid for analysis (Acros Organics, 48% solution
in water), and lead(II) acetate trihydrate (Aldrich, 99.999%) were
purchased and used without further purification. The water was purified
by double distillation.
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4

Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Perovskite Nanocrystals

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Technical grade Octadecene (ODE, 90%) and Oleic acid (OA, 90%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, 99.9%), lead chloride (PbCl2, 99.999%), lead bromide (PbBr2, 99.999%), lead iodide (PbI2, 99%), and Oleylamine (OLA, 70%) were purchased from Aldrich. Hexane and toluene were obtained from Beijing Chemical Reagent Ltd., China. All reagents were used as received without further experimental purification.
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5

Synthesis of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

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All chemicals were used as received: lead bromide (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥99.9%), lead iodide (Aldrich, ≥97%), cesium carbonate (Aldrich, ≥99.9%), zinc bromide (Aldrich, ≥99.9%), zinc iodide (Aldrich, ≥99.9%), oleic acid (Aldrich, technical grade 90%), oleylamine (Aldrich, 70%), 1-octadecene (Aldrich, 90%), anhydrous hexane, and anhydrous toluene.
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6

Perovskite LED Fabrication Protocol

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Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, Aldrich, 99.9%), formamidinium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich,
99.9%), lead bromide (PbBr2, ABCR, 98%), lead iodide (PbI2, ABCR, 99.999%), 1-octadecene (90%), oleic acid (Sigma-Aldrich,
90%), and oleylamine (Acros, ≥ 96%) were used as the reagents.
Galden PFPE fluid was purchased from Blaser Swisslube AG. Patterned
indium tin oxide (ITO)-covered glass substrates were purchased from
Lumtech. The hole injection material PEDOT:PSS was purchased from
Heraeus (CLEVIOS VP AI 4083), while the hole transport material poly-TPD
was procured from Lumtech and the electron transport material TPBi
was supplied by e-Ray Optoelectronics. The electron injection material
LiF was purchased from Acros Organics, and Al pellets were purchased
from Kurt J. Lesker Co. Ltd. TOPAS polymer (cyclic olefin copolymer)
was received from TOPAS Advanced Polymers GmbH. All the materials
for LED production were used as received without any further purification.
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7

Synthesis of Lead Halide Perovskites

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Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, 99%, Aldrich), lead acetate trihydrate (Pb(CH3COO)2•3H2O, 99.999%, Aldrich), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%, Aldrich), benzoyl bromide (C6H5COBr, 97%, Aldrich) were used without purification. Oleic acid (OA, 97%, Acros Organic), and oleylamine (OLAm, 70%, Aldrich) were dried in vacuum for an hour before use.
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8

Facile Synthesis of Perovskite Nanocrystals

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Oleic acid (OA, 90%), oleylamine (OLA, 70%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, 99.9%), lead(II) chloride (PbCl2, 98%), lead(II) bromide (PbBr2, 98%), lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.999%), tert-butanol(tBuOH, 99.0%), and hexane (99.0%) were used as purchased from Aldrich. Red, green, and blue color filters were used as purchased from DONGJIN SEMICHEM Co. Blue LEDs (Dongbu LED, Inc.) were used as excitation sources.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Lead Halide Perovskites

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Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, 99%), lead(II)
chloride (PbCl2, 98% trace metals basis),
lead(II) bromide (PbBr2, 99.999% trace metal basis), lead(II)
iodide (PbI2, 99.999% trace metal basis), ammonium thiocyanate
(ATCN, 97.5%), oleylamine (OLAM, 98%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene
(ODE, 90%), and toluene (TOL, anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received, without any further
purification.
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10

Synthesis of Perovskite Nanocrystals

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Cadmium acetate dihydrate ((CdAc2·2H2O), 99.99%), lead acetate trihydrate ((PbAc2·3H2O), 99.99%), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3, reagent Plus, 99%), benzoyl bromide (C6H5COBr, 97%), ethyl acetate (98.8%), toluene (anhydrous,
99.5%), phenethylammonium bromide (≥98%), didodecyldimethylammonium
bromide (DDABr), octadecene (ODE, technical grade, 90%), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO, 99 atom % D) toluene-d8 (99 atom % D), and oleic acid (OA,
90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Indium tin oxide (ITO)-patterned
substrates, polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS, AL 4083), poly(N,N9-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N9-bis(phenyl)-benzidine) (poly-TPD), and 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) were purchased from Ossila Ltd.
Poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and LiF were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Didodecylamine (97%) was purchased from TCI. oleic acid was dried
at 120 °C for an hour and stored in a nitrogen-filled glove box.
All other chemicals were used without further purification.
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