The pharyngeal swabs were inoculated in 5 ml sterile nutrient broth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and incubated overnight at 37 °C. The bacterial culture was streaked on mannitol salt agar (MAST diagnostics, UK) and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Colonies with staphylococci-like morphological characteristics (yellow/cream, round, convex, entire) were selected for phenotypic identification based on Gram stain reaction, catalase, coagulase, DNase (positive results), and oxidase (negative results) tests. PCR amplification of the elongation factor (tuf) gene50 (link) was performed on the staphylococcal isolates (Supplementary Table 3 ). The identity of the isolates was confirmed using the MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonic, Germany).
Sterile nutrient broth
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Sterile nutrient broth is a laboratory medium used to culture and grow a variety of microorganisms. It provides essential nutrients and a controlled environment for the growth and proliferation of bacterial, fungal, or other microbial cultures.
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Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using sterile nutrient broth
1
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococci
2
Standardized Bacterial Inoculum Preparation
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S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 19118) as Gram-positive and S. typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram-negative bacteria were used. For the antimicrobial activity measurement, first of all active cultures were generated by inoculating single colony of each bacterium into 5 ml sterile nutrient broth (Merck) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Freshly synchronized cultures of bacterial strains from initial inoculums were prepared after 2 times overnight cultures (24 h) of each bacterium by successively transferring 100 μl of the vegetative cells into tryptic soy broth (TSB, Merck, NJ, USA). Then the optical densities of the active freshly synchronized cultures were adjusted at 600 nm. The broth cultures prepared in this way had a final culture density of approximately 106 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml.[10 ] This had been used as adjusted inoculum for all the further studies.
3
Microbial Culture Standardization Protocol
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A loopful of cells from stock cultures of S. aurous (ATCC 6538), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), E-coli (ATCC 8739), C. albicans (ATCC 10231), and A. niger (ATCC 16404) were mixed with sterile nutrient broth (Merck, Germany) separately and incubated at 37°C for 10-18 hours for acquire colonies and compared the turbidity of 0.5 McFarland standard (1-2 ×10 8 CFU/ml) (21, 22) .
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