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3 protocols using alexa fluor 488

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Lung Tissue and Cells

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Fresh lung tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), dehydrated in a sucrose solution gradient, wrapped with Tissue-Tek OCT, and sectioned into 5-μm slices. In addition, PMNs or NRR8383 cells were seeded over a 14-mm coverslip (Solarbio, Beijing) in 24-well plates overnight. Immediately afterwards, cell and tissue slices were fixed in 4% PFA, permeabilized, blocked with 5% goat serum to minimize nonspecific staining, and incubated with the following primary antibodies overnight at 4 ℃. Rabbit polyclonal anti-citrullinated histone H3 (cit-H3, 1:250, Abcam, UK), rat polyclonal anti-LY6G (1:150, Abcam, UK), mouse monoclonal anti-ASC (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), mouse polyclonal anti-CD68 (1:200, Immunoway Biotechnology, UK), rabbit polyclonal anti-NLRP3 (1:200, Boster, China) and mouse monoclonal anti-ubiquitin (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) antibodies. Following incubation with secondary Alexa Fluor 488 (1:200, Elabscience, China) and Alexa Fluor 594 (1:200, Elabscience, China) for 1 h at room temperature. The nucleus was stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Boster, China) for 5 min, protected from light. In addition, NETs-associated DNA was detected with SYTOX green in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Samples were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (Olympus) or fluorescence microscopy (Zeiss).
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2

Characterization of Alumina Nanoparticles and Biomarkers

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The α-Al2O3 NPs (80 nm, 100% alpha, white, hydrophilic, purity 99%, SSA: > 15 m2/g, density 3.97 g/cm3 with rhombohedral crystallographic structure) and γ-Al2O3 NPs (20 nm, white, 99% purity, SSA: > 138 m2/g, density 3890 kg/m3, almost spherical morphology) were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials Inc., Houston, TX USA (CAS No 1344–28-1, USA). Additionally, all the ultra-pure chemicals used in this research were purchased from Merck Company. MDA (CAS No. ZB-MDA-A96A), GPX (CAS No. ZB-GPX-A96), T-SOD (CAS No. 706002), TAC (CAS No. ZB-TAC-A96) CAT (CAS No. 707002), iNOS (CAS No. ZB-10740C-R9648) were assessed using ELISA kits (Zellbio Germany) and cDNA kit (Thermo scientific, US, K1622). For immunohistochemical assays, the following reagents were used: TBS 1X solution (Sigma-T5912), PBS (Sigma-P4417), DAPI (Sigma- D9542) Normal Goat Serum (10%) (G9023-Sigma), Triton 3% (Sigma-T8787), Alexa Fluor 488 (Elabscience, China), CYP450: GTX15616, Secondary antibodies (mouse): orb688924. SYBR Green master mix (Addbio Co., Korea) was utilized, following specific standards for each marker. AST and ALT were assessed using related kits (Pars Azmun, Tehran, Iran).
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Spinal Cord Tissue

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The fixed NSCs and a 4-μm-thick longitudinal slice of spinal cord (centered on the epicenter of the injured lesion) were prepared for immunofluorescence staining as described in our previous study [42 (link)]. The primary antibodies were used as follows: mouse anti-2′3′ cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (Cnpase,1:200; Abcam, UK) and rabbit anti-myelin basic protein(MBP, 1:300; Abcam, UK) for oligodendrocytes, rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astroglia (1:1000; Abcam, UK), mouse anti-nestin for NSCs (1:1000; Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) for neuron (1:1000; Abcam, UK),rabbit anti- SRY-Box transcription factor 10 (Sox 10) for NSCs (1:100; Abcam, UK), rabbit anti- p75 neurotrophin receptor (p 75) for NSCs (1:100, Abcam, UK), and rabbit anti-BMP2 (1:500; Affinity, USA). The secondary antibodies used were Cy3 (red, 1:50; Elabscience, China) and Alexa Fluor 488 (green, 1:50; Elabscience, 288 China). The images were observed and photographed by using a DM-6B fluorescence microscope (Leica, Germany). The percentage of positive areas was calculated using ImageJ. For cell counting, random fields containing a total of 500 cells were randomly selected. The number of positive cells was blindly quantitated in two different individuals.
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