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5 protocols using umuline rapide

1

Characterization of Insulin Formulations

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Two commercialized insulin specialities were used: Novorapid® (Novo Nordisk, La défense, France) and Umuline rapide® (Lilly, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France). Novorapid® consists of insulin aspart (100 IU/mL, 3.50 mg/mL), glycerol, phenol (1.5 mg/mL), metacresol (1.72 mg/mL), zinc chloride, disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (to adjust pH) and water for injection [7 (link)]. Umuline rapide® (100 IU/mL, 3.47 mg/mL) consists of human insulin, hydrochloric acid, water for injection, glycerol, metacresol (25 mg/mL), proteins of Escherichia coli and sodium hydroxide.
A specificity study was carried out to identify compounds of Novorapid® and Umuline rapide®. Crystallized phenol (Cooper®, Melun, France), 99% metacresol (Sigma-Aldrich®, St-Louis, USA) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) human insulin standard reference (Sigma-Aldrich®, St-Louis, USA) were applied.
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2

Isolation and Expansion of Human Chondrocytes

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Human articular chondrocytes (HACs) were isolated from macroscopically healthy zones of osteoarthritic knee joints obtained from 9 donors undergoing total knee replacement. The study was performed in full accordance with local ethics guidelines, national and European Union legislation regarding human sample collection, manipulation and personal data protection (Ethics Committee for research with human samples, CODECOH: DC-2014-2325) and cartilage samples were collected after written informed consent of the donors. Chondrocytes were extracted as previously described [15 (link)]. Briefly, small slices of cartilage were digested in culture medium consisting of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/Ham’s F12 (Gibco Invitrogen) with 0.06% bacterial collagenase A (Roche Applied Science) overnight. The cells were then seeded at a density of 1.5 x 104 cells/cm2 on culture dishes with culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Gibco), 100 mg/mL streptomycin and 100 U/mL penicillin (Invitrogen). Thirty-six hours after seeding, medium was refreshed and further supplemented with 5 ng/mL FGF-2 (R&D Systems) and 5 μg/mL insulin (Umuline Rapide, Lilly), namely the FI cocktail. The culture medium was replaced three times a week. At confluence, cells were trypsinized, counted with a hemocytometer and used for 3D culture.
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3

Insulin-Induced Glucose Reduction in DIO Mice

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The test was performed with 2 hours-fasting mice during DIO1 at Week 26. The concentration of insulin (one Unit/kg) was chosen to induce a significant reduction of blood glucose level without risking of animal loss. Insulin (Umuline Rapide®, Lilly) was intraperitoneally administered to mice. Glycemia was measured just before the administration of insulin and after 15, 30, 45 min and 1h30.
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4

Insulin Signaling Pathway Characterization

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For in vivo insulin signaling, twelve-week-old Bscl2+/+ and Bscl2−/− mice were fasted for 4 h and a single dose of 1 UI/kg of human recombinant insulin (Umuline rapide, Eli Lilly, Suresnes, France) was administered by intravenous injection. Mice were killed 5 min after injection and brown fat pads were removed. For in vitro insulin signaling, cells were starved during 18 h and 100 nM insulin was added. Cells were harvested after 5 min and proteins were extracted. Western blots were performed using P-Akt and Pan-Akt antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).
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5

Chondrocyte Isolation and Expansion Protocol

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HACs and MACs were extracted as previously described46 (link). Briefly, small slices of cartilage were digested in a culture medium consisting of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/Ham’s F12 (Gibco Invitrogen) with 0.06% bacterial collagenase A (Roche Applied Science) overnight. The cells were then seeded at a density of 1.5 × 104 cells/cm2 on culture dishes with culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco), 100 mg/mL streptomycin and 100 U/mL penicillin (Invitrogen). Forty-eight hours after seeding, the medium was refreshed and further supplemented with 5 ng/mL FGF-2 (R&D Systems) and 5 µg/mL insulin (Umuline Rapide, Lilly), namely the FI cocktail. The culture medium was then replaced three times a week. At confluence, cells were trypsinized, counted with a hemocytometer and used for hydrogel encapsulation.
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