Bx53 bright field microscope

All the experiments were conducted at least in triplicates unless mentioned otherwise. IHC staining intensity was observed and analyzed by an expert pathologist in a single-blinded fashion using a BX53 bright field microscope (Olympus Corporation, Japan). Quantification of protein expression for IHC and WB was performed using ImageJ software 1.8.0 (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). The images were RGB stacked, and the color threshold was adjusted according to the expression of specific proteins in the tissue section. For quantification, the expression was presented as a composite score of the percent area of the total tissues using ImageJ software. The statistical/imaging parameters used for the various transcriptomic analyses have been detailed with their explanations in their respective sections in the manuscript. GraphPad Prism 7.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA) was used for the data analysis of IHC and RT-qPCR quantified datasets.

Organoleptic characters such as color, odor, and taste were recorded from the dried raw materials of taxonomically authenticated plants. Macroscopic characters such as nature, texture, and external features were also noted. Hand sections were carried out to record the microscopic features, followed by histochemical studies performed with various stains such as safranin, toluidine blue, and Lugol’s iodine solutions. The microscopic features were recorded, and the images were captured using Olympus BX53 bright field microscope.