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15 protocols using ml sa1

1

Optimizing Cell Signaling Modulation

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UA (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 1 µM. AnCoA4 was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 50 µM. PF-429242 (Tocris) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 500 nM. TG (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 500 nM. Ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 2.5 to 5 µM. ML-SA1 (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 10 µM.
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2

Measuring Lysosomal Calcium Release in Podocytes

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At 18–24 h after nucleofection with GCaMP3-ML1, podocytes were used for experiments [11 (link)]. The fluorescence intensity at 470 nm (F470) was recorded with a digital camera (Nikon Diaphoto TMD Inverted Microscope). Metafluor imaging and analysis software were used to acquire, digitize and store the images for offline processing and statistical analysis (Universal Imaging, Bedford Hills, NY, USA). Lysosomal Ca2+ release was measured under a ‘low’ external Ca2+ solution, which contained 145 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose, 1 mM EGTA and 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4). GPN (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used as positive control to induce Ca2+ release from lysosomes in podocytes. ML-SA1 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a potent TRPML channel agonist.
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3

Fluorescent Probes for Cellular Imaging

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ML-SA1, MK6–83, praziquantel, and serotonin were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO). LysoTracker RED DND-99 was from Life Technologies, Inc. ML-SI3 was obtained from Enamine, code (s) EN 300–314172. Stock solutions were made in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ATCC, Manassas, VA) and subsequently diluted to an appropriate concentration in culture or recording media. All oligonucleotides were bought from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT, Coralville, IA).
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4

Culturing HeLa Cells and Primary Cortical Neurons

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HeLa cells were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; Lonza) supplemented with 10% FBS (Atlanta Biologicals) at 37ºC in the presence of 5% CO2. tBHP was from Invitrogen (Carlsbag, CA) and ML-SA1 was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Primary cortical neuron cultures were prepared as previously described [44 (link)], from E15–16 C57BL/6 (Charles River) mouse embryos. The neurons were plated on poly-L-lysine-coated four-well chambered slides (Nunc Laboratory-Tek; Fisher Scientific, Agawam, MA, USA) at 3105 cells/cm2 in serum-free Neurobasal media (Gibco, Thermo Fisher) and supplemented with 0.75mM L-glutamine (BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD, USA) and B27 supplement (Gibco).
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5

Measuring Lysosomal Calcium Release in Podocytes

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At 18–24 h after nucleofection with GCaMP3-ML1, podocytes were used for experiments [11 (link)]. The fluorescence intensity at 470 nm (F470) was recorded with a digital camera (Nikon Diaphoto TMD Inverted Microscope). Metafluor imaging and analysis software were used to acquire, digitize and store the images for offline processing and statistical analysis (Universal Imaging, Bedford Hills, NY, USA). Lysosomal Ca2+ release was measured under a ‘low’ external Ca2+ solution, which contained 145 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose, 1 mM EGTA and 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4). GPN (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used as positive control to induce Ca2+ release from lysosomes in podocytes. ML-SA1 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a potent TRPML channel agonist.
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6

Characterization of TRPML1 Modulators

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The following compounds were used: the TRPML1 inhibitor, EDME (10–50 µM, synthesis as previously described; Rühl et al., 2021 (link)); TRPML1 activators, ML-SA1 (10–50 µM, SML0627, Sigma-Aldrich), MLSA5 (10–50 µM, kind gift from Casma Therapuetics, Cambridge, MA, USA) and MK683 (synthesized as described previously, Chen et al., 2014 (link)); and concanamycin A (ConA, 1 µM, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA).
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7

Isolation and Treatment of Mouse CASMCs

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Isolation of mouse CASMCs was described previously [34 (link)]. Briefly, CASMCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco Gaithersburg, MD, USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco Gaithersburg, MD, USA) in humidified 100% air and 5% CO2 mixture at 37 °C. Confluent cells (70%–80%) were treated with or without high phosphate (Pi) (3 mmol/L) [35 (link)] and then incubated with TRMPL1 channel agonist, MLSA-1 (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA) and TRMPL1 channel blocker, verapamil (10 μM, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) incubated for 24 h [31 (link),55 (link)].
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8

TRPML1 Agonist and Antagonist Assays

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The TRPML1 agonist MK6-83 (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at 20 μΜ unless specified otherwise. The TRPML1 antagonist ML-SI3 (enamine) was dissolved in DMSO and used at 50 μΜ. The chemical modulators ML-SA1, A-769662, bafilomycin A1, ionomycin, MGR1, and MGR2 were used as indicated in the figure legends, and all were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Clinical-grade recombinant human IL-2 (Proleukin) was obtained from Clinigen via Sykehusapoteket (no. 600373). IL-15 was used at 1 or 10 ng/ml (Miltenyi Biotec).
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9

Lysosomal and Calcium Signaling in Autophagy

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In this study, we used the following chemicals from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO): PP242 (P0037), EBSS (Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution; E2888), thapsigargin (T9033), bafilomycin A1 (B1793), A23187 (C7522), ionomycin (I0634), glycyl-L-phenylalanine2-naphthylamide (GPN, G9512), ML-SA1 (SML0627), and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, C2759). LysoTracker (L7528), Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2 AM; F1221), BAPTA-AM (B1205), and ProLong™ Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (P10144) were obtained from Life Technologies. Torin1 (4247) was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Antibodies against p-RPS6 KB1/S6K (9234), RPS6KB/S6K (9202), p-RPS6/S6 (2211, 2215), p-ULK1 (6888), LAMP1 (9091), CANX (calnexin) (2679), TFEB (4240), PPP3 CA/calcineurin A (2614), SQSTM1/p62 (39749), and histone (9717) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against ACTB/actin (sc-47778), GAPDH (sc-47724), TUBA/tubulin (sc-5286), ITPR1 (sc-271197), ITPR2 (sc-398434), and ITPR3 (sc-7277) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Antibodies against MCOLN1/TRPML1 (ab28508) and RAB7A (ab50533) were obtained from Abcam. Antibody against HA (11867423001) was from Roche Diagnostics. Antibody against TFE3 (HPA023881) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. ZFYVE27 (LS-C660718) was from LS-Bio. Antibody against LC3B (NB600-1384) was from Novus.
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10

TRPML1 Agonist and Antagonist Assays

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The TRPML1 agonist MK6-83 (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in DMSO and used at 20 μΜ unless specified otherwise. The TRPML1 antagonist ML-SI3 (enamine) was dissolved in DMSO and used at 50 μΜ. The chemical modulators ML-SA1, A-769662, bafilomycin A1, ionomycin, MGR1, and MGR2 were used as indicated in the figure legends, and all were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Clinical-grade recombinant human IL-2 (Proleukin) was obtained from Clinigen via Sykehusapoteket (no. 600373). IL-15 was used at 1 or 10 ng/ml (Miltenyi Biotec).
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