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8 protocols using n heptanol

1

Synthesis of PLA-based Copolymers

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The monomers l-and d-lactide
(Boehringer Ingelheim, France) were purified by recrystallization
three times in dry toluene, and ε-caprolactone (Acros, Belgium)
was dried for 48 h over calcium hydride and distilled under reduced
pressure. Ethylene glycol (EG; Sigma-Aldrich, Sweden) and n-heptanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium) were used as the initiators,
which was dried over molecular sieves, and stannous 2-ethylhexanoate
(Sn(Oct)2; 95%, Sigma-Aldrich, Sweden) was used as the
catalyst in the polymer synthesis. The solvents, i.e., heptane (Fisher
Scientific, Sweden), toluene (Fisher Scientific, Sweden) and chloroform
(Fisher Scientific, Sweden), were used as received. Commercially available
extrusion-grade PLA (NatureWorks 4043D) with 4.8% d-lactide
isomer content, Mn = 219 × 105 Da and Đ = 1.89,
as determined from SEC analysis, was used as received.
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2

Corneal Epithelium Removal and Healing

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Epithelial removal was achieved using a 5-mm paper disc soaked in n-heptanol (1-heptanol; Sigma-Aldrich) placed on the corneal surface for one min (13 (link)). Both fellow healing corneas treated with therapeutic or control NBC were monitored every 24 h until complete healing of the created defect (17 (link)). Corneas were frozen in liquid nitrogen for western analysis or embedded in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek USA, Torrance, CA) for cryosectioning.
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3

Solvent-Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticles

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n-Dodecane
(nDD) (99%), acetic acid (AA) (99.85%), n-heptanol
(98%), ZnO, and toluene (99.6%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich
(Taufkirchen, Bavaria, Germany).
Methanol (MeOH) (99.5%) and
ethanol (EtOH) (96%) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough,
England, UK). All the chemical reagents were used as available.
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4

Tetrodotoxin and Lidocaine Preparation

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Tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX) was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA), and lidocaine hydrochloride and n-heptanol were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). TTX and lidocaine were dissolved in 0.9% saline. The n-heptanol was used undiluted.
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5

Solid-Phase Extraction for Metabolite Analysis

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All standards used in this study are listed in Table S2. Ethanol 99.8%, n-heptanol 99.9%, dichloromethane 99.8%, and mEthanol for HPLC 99.9% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Luis, MO, USA); 3 cartridges with 200 mg of stationary phase based on styrene divinylbenzene were tested for solid-phase extraction (SPE): LiChrolut® EN (Merk, Darmstadt, Germany), Isolute® ENV+ (Biotage, Uppsala, Sweden), and Bond Elut ENV (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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6

Extraction and Purification Protocol

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Ethanol 99.8%, n-heptanol 99.9%, dichloromethane 99.8%, and mEthanol for HPLC 99.9% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA). Milli-Q water was used for the extraction of samples and the preparation of standard solutions. Cartridges with 200 mg of stationary phase based on styrene–divinylbenzene for solid-phase extraction (SPE) were purchased from Isolute® ENV+ (Biotage, Uppsala, Sweden).
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7

Profiling Pears and Kiwifruits' Organic Acids and Polyphenols

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Zaosu pears and Xuxiang kiwifruits were from a local supermarket (Lanzhou, Gansu, China) and were selected for optimal ripeness and the absence of damage or spoilage. The analytical standards used in the organic acid and polyphenol analysis, oxalic, tartaric, l-malic, lactic, citric, succinic, quinic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, and gallic acids, as well as epicatechin, catechin, caffeic acid, and phloretin, were from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The aromatic compound standards, ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, n-pentanol, phenylethanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, β-citronellol, geraniol, linalool, nerol, β-damascenone, and 2-octanol (internal standard), were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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8

Chemicals Preparation for Research

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Potassium hydroxide (≥85%), n propanol (≥99%), carbon disulfide (≥98.99%), petroleum ether (≥98.99%), hexane (≥97%), acetone (≥99%), n butanol (≥99%), n pentanol (≥99%), n hexanol (≥98%), n heptanol (≥98%), n octanol (≥99%), potassium ethylxanthate (≥98%), cadmium chloride (≥99%), zinc chloride (≥97%), acetonitrile (≥99.99%), methanol (≥99.8%), ethyl acetate (≥99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.99%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (≥99. %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher and used without further purification. Deuterated solvents for NMR were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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