TEM images were collected on a JEOL JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope working at an operating voltage of 100 kV. HAADF-STEM photographs were collected on FEI Titan Themis Cube G2 high-resolution transmission electron microscope with 300 kV accelerating voltage. SEM images were recorded by Hitachi SU8230 microscope with 2 kV operating voltage. Ex situ XRD patterns of the powder samples of LixRuO2 were measured on a Rigaku D/Max 2500 VB2 + /PC X-ray powder diffractometer by using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Operando XRD measurements were performed on the same diffractometer using a self-designed in situ cell whose discharge-charge cycle was controlled by an electrochemical workstation. XPS measurements were executed at Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250X with Al light source, and all binding energies were calibrated to the peak of C 1 s lied in 284.8 eV. XAS spectra at the K-edge of Ru were collected in transmission mode at beamline BL14W1 of 18KeV synchrotron radiation source at the SSRF, China. Soft XAS spectra of O K-edge were executed at beamline station BL12B in National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), China, operated at 800 MeV with a maximum current of 300 mA. Neutron powder diffraction measurements were performed on the general-purpose powder diffractometer (GPPD) at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China.
D max 2500 vb2 pc
Manufactured by Rigaku
Sourced in Japan
The D/Max 2500 VB2 + /PC is a versatile X-ray diffractometer system designed for various materials analysis applications. It features a vertical Bragg-Brentano goniometer configuration and is compatible with a PC control and analysis interface.
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5 protocols using d max 2500 vb2 pc
1
Comprehensive Characterization of LixRuO2 Materials
2
Multimodal Characterization of Materials
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) (S-4700, Hitachi, Japan); an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) annex for the scanning electron microscope (EDAX, USA); an X-ray diffractometer (D/max 2500 VB2 PC, Rigaku, Japan); and a 7400 series vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore, USA) were employed.
3
Hydroxyapatite Conversion and Bioactivity
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Hydroxyapatite conversion and bioactivity of different cement groups was evaluated as a function of immersing time in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C. Cement samples with size of 12 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) were immersed in 33.9 ml PBS (The calculation is based on references [21 (link)]) in sterile polyethylene containers, with one sample per container. At selected time point, cement samples were taken out, washed with deionized water and dried at room temperature. 5 samples were used as duplicate and the results were showed as mean ± SD. Surface and cross-sections morphological features of the cements before and after being immersed in PBS were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Nova NanoSEM 450, FEI). Hydration and conversion of hydroxyapatite in the cements before and after being immersed in PBS was measured by X-ray diffraction method (D/max-2500VB2+/PC, Rigaku). Monochromatic Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) was used and the scanning rate was 8° min−1 (in the range of 10–80° 2θ).
4
Characterization of Chitosan-based Polymers
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The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum was recorded on Nicolet 5700 instrument (Nicolet Instrument, Thermo Company, USA). Samples were prepared as KBr pellet and scanned against a blank KBr pellet background at wavenumber range 4000–400 cm−1 with resolution of 4.0 cm−1.
The 1H NMR spectra of the samples was carried out on a Bruker DPX300 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Chitosan and CD-g-CS were dissolved in a mixed solvent of CD3COOD and D2O, CD-g-NMCS was dissolved in D2O. DSCOOH was determined by 1H NMR.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the sheet sample was recorded on an X-ray diffractometer (D/Max2500VB2+/Pc, Rigaku, Japan) with area detector operating at a voltage of 40 kV and a current of 50 mA using CuKα radiation source (λ = 0.154 nm). The scanning rate was 5°/min and the scanning scope of 2θ was from 10° to 80° at room temperature.
The 1H NMR spectra of the samples was carried out on a Bruker DPX300 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Chitosan and CD-g-CS were dissolved in a mixed solvent of CD3COOD and D2O, CD-g-NMCS was dissolved in D2O. DSCOOH was determined by 1H NMR.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the sheet sample was recorded on an X-ray diffractometer (D/Max2500VB2+/Pc, Rigaku, Japan) with area detector operating at a voltage of 40 kV and a current of 50 mA using CuKα radiation source (λ = 0.154 nm). The scanning rate was 5°/min and the scanning scope of 2θ was from 10° to 80° at room temperature.
5
Characterization of BTO-PLLA Composite Fibers
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The surface morphology and microstructural features of the composite fibers were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Hitachi, S-4700, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The distribution of BTO NPs in the PLLA fibrous matrix was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Hitachi H-800). Fiber diameter was measured from the SEM photographs by using image analysis software (ImageJ; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, VA, USA). Chemical compositions of the composite fibers were evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS; EMAX EX-300 system), X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rigaku D/max 2500 VB2+/PC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA; STA 449C). The surface roughness of the scaffolds was examined by an Omniscan MicroXAM white light interferometer (ADE Phase Shift, Tucson, AZ, USA), and the resulting data were analyzed using the MapVUE AE software (Meta MAP, Lexington, KY, USA). The surface wettability of the samples was assessed by water contact angle measurements performed on a video contact angle instrument (JC2000C1; Shanghai Glory Numeral Technique & Device Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). The dielectric property of samples was measured on a HP 4294A precision impedance analyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) at room temperature.
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