All the chemical agents were analytical reagents (AR). Iron oxide (II, III) magnetic nanoparticles solution was obtained from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dopamine hydrochloride, Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride, and minocycline hydrochloride (Mino) were provided by Aladdin Biochemical Technology (Shanghai, China). Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was supplied by Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology (Qingdao, China). Hemin was obtained from Hefei BASF Bio-Technology (Hefei, China). The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and AO/EB double stain Kit were supplied by KeyGen Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). The MTT staining kit was purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). LIVE/DEAD bacterial kit was provided by Molecular Probes (Eugene, USA). The antibodies against IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were sourced from Affinity Biosciences Co., Ltd (Changzhou, China).
Brain heart infusion broth
Manufactured by Hopebio
Sourced in China
Brain heart infusion broth is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used for the cultivation of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. It provides essential nutrients and supports the growth of various microbial species.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ho peg2000 nhnh2, by Xi’an Ruixi (6 mentions)
Farnesol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorhexidine digluconate chx, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Mitis salivarius agar, by BD (2 mentions)
Live dead bacterial kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8, by Keygen Biotech (1 mentions)
Bhi agar, by Hopebio (1 mentions)
Alhydrogel adjuvant 2, by InvivoGen (1 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Red blood cell lysis buffer, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Masson s trichrome staining kit, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Dichloro dihydro fluorescein diacetate dcfh da, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Vitamin k1, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Hemin, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Colistin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Macconkey agar, by Hopebio (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using brain heart infusion broth
1
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Antimicrobial Treatment
2
Comprehensive Immunological and Biochemical Profiling
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Alhydrogel® adjuvant 2% was purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth and BHI Agar were purchased from Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Crystal violet was purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Masson’s trichrome staining kit was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Red blood cell lysis buffer and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). All antibodies used in flow cytometry were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from Cusabio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and glucose (GLU) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
3
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteroides vulgatus Strains
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We used B. vulgatus strains FTJS5K1 (5K1), FTJS7K1 (7K1), FSDTA11B14 (11B14), and FSDLZ51K1 (51K1) in this study, all of which had been isolated from the fecal samples of different volunteers. The 5K1 and 7K1 strains were deposited in the Culture Collection of Food Microorganisms (CCFM) of Jiangnan University (Wuxi, China). The four strains were grown anaerobically at 37°C for 18 h in a brain–heart infusion broth (Hopebio, China) supplemented with 5 μg/mL hemin (Sangon Biotech, China) and 0.5 μg/mL vitamin K1 (Sangon Biotech, China). A fresh culture of each strain was collected by centrifugation (5 min at 6000 g) and then washed twice with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The final bacterial pellets were resuspended in sterile PBS at a concentration of 5 × 109 colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL.
4
Bacteriocin Production by L. plantarum J23
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L. plantarum J23 was studied as a producer of bacteriocin Lac-B23 and was grown in MRS broth (glucose 20 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, beef extract powder 7.5 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, dipotassium phosphate 2 g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.58 g/L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.25 g/L, Tween 80 1 mL/L, anhydrous sodium acetate 5 g/L and diammonium hydrogen citrate 2 g/L). Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) CICC 21633, as an indicator bacteria, were grown in a brain heart infusion broth (QingDao Hope Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shandon, China). All organisms were propagated twice in their corresponding medium at 37 °C for 24 h before use.
5
Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Agents
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Far, farnesol, and TBAP were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). HO-PEG2000-NHNH2 was obtained from Xi’an Ruixi Biological Technology (Xi’an, China), and mPEG2000-PLA2000 was purchased from Jinan Daigang Biomaterials (Jinan, China). Mitis Salivarius agar was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Brain heart infusion broth and agar were purchased from Hopebio (Qingdao, China). S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610) was purchased from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (Beijing, China).
6
Canine Fecal Antibiotic Resistance
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We collected fecal samples from dogs in pet hospitals during the period from June to August 2019 in Jilin Province, China. The feces were resuspended in brain-heart infusion broth (Hopebio, Qingdao, China) followed by centrifugation at 300 rpm for 5 min at 4°C. The supernatants were plated on the MacConkey agar (Hopebio, Qingdao, China) plates containing 2 mg/L of colistin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). Strain identification was confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The presence of mcr genes in the bacterial isolates was tested by an established multiplex-PCR assay.24 (link) The susceptibility of the isolates to 30 antibiotics (Table S1
7
P. acnes Identification Protocol
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P.acnes ATCC 6919 was obtained from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center. Columbia Blood Agar Base and Brain Heart Infusion Broth were purchased from Hopebio. Ammonium acetate (NH4AC), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and formic acid (FA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Acetonitrile was purchased from Merck.
8
Cultivating Recombinant Cells for UA Metabolism
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Recombinant cells were cultured and harvested in the same way as preparing whole cells. The whole cells were resuspended in 20 mL Brain Heart Infusion Broth (HB8297-1, Hopebio). Defined volume of cell mixtures was immediately inoculated with 700 mL autoclaved Brain Heart Infusion Broth in a 1.4-L Multifors parallel bioreactor (Infors HT, US) at the initial OD600 = 1.0, and 10 mL Fetal Bovine Serum (04–121-1A, Biological Industries) was added in a bioreactor as the supplemental nutrient. Following the addition of 2.0 mM IPTG and 50 μg/mL kanamycin, the cells were grown for an additional hour with its DO equal to 15% of the normal condition. Both the eutrophic Brain Heart Infusion Broth and low oxygen were used to simulate intestinal environment. 1.0 mM UA was added in the bioreactor to start UA metabolism under this oxygen-limiting condition. Samples were taken at defined time intervals. After centrifugation, 10 μL of the supernatant was used to measure UA and allantoin by using the HPLC method.
9
Cell Culture and Bacterial Isolation Protocol
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CT26 cells and 3T3 cells were obtained from the China Center for Type Culture Collection and cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI 1640; Gibco, Invitrogen) and DMEM containing 10% FBS (Invitrogen), penicillin (100 U/ml; Invitrogen), and streptomycin (100 U/ml; Invitrogen) in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2. All experiments were performed with cells on passages 2 to 10. Fn [American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 10953] was obtained from the ATCC. S. aureus [CMCC (B) 26003] was obtained from the National Center for Medical Culture Collections (CMCC). Brain heart infusion broth (Qingdao Hope Biotechnology, China) and Luria-Bertani broth were used for the bacteria culture, respectively. All bacteria were purified from colonies isolated from plates for subsequent liquid subcultures.
10
Antimicrobial Agents for Dental Biofilm
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Far, farnesol, and TBAP were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). HO-PEG 2000 -NHNH 2 was obtained from Xi'an Ruixi Biological Technology (Xi'an, China), and mPEG 2000 -PLA 2000 was purchased from Jinan Daigang Biomaterials (Jinan, China). Mitis Salivarius agar was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Brain heart infusion broth and agar were purchased from Hopebio (Qingdao, China). S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610) was purchased from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (Beijing, China).
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