Labram hr800 spectrometer

Morphologies of electrodes were measured on a cold field scanning electron microscope (SEM, HITACH-S4800, SU8010). Elemental composition on the surface of the electrodes was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, PHI 5000 VersaProbe II) using a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source with X-ray settings being 100 µm 25 W 15 kV. Peaks were fitted using MultiPak software calibrated with respect to carbon (284.8 eV). The above morphology and composition characterization were performed with cells being disassembled after specific cycles in an Ar-filled glove box and rinsed with pure DME solvent three times to remove residual electrolyte, followed by drying in a glove box for several hours at room temperature to remove the residual solvent. Then these electrodes were transferred into the vacuum transfer boxes for measurements to avoid air exposure. Raman spectroscopy was measured by Micro-laser confocal Raman spectrometer (Horiba LabRAM HR800 spectrometer) equipped with an Olympus BX microscope and an argon ion laser (532 nm) at room temperature. All the electrolytes were hermetically sealed in quartz cuvettes in a glovebox before measurement. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with a Cu Kα radiation source (λ₁ = 1.54060 Å, λ₂ = 1.54439 Å at 40 kV and 40 mA) and a LynxEye_XE detector.

The Raman spectra (RS) of kukisvumite and K3 (after 40 min in 0.1 M solution of HNO₃ acid) collected from uncoated individual grains were recorded with a Horiba Jobin-Yvon LabRAM HR800 spectrometer equipped with an Olympus BX-41 microscope in backscattering geometry (Saint-Petersburg State University). Raman spectra were excited by a solid-state laser (532 nm) with actual power of 2 mW under the 50× objective (NA 0.75). The spectra were obtained in the range of 70–1300 cm^–1 at the resolution of 2 cm⁻¹ at room temperature. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the number of acquisitions was set to 15. The spectra were processed using the algorithms implemented in Labspec v3.15 and OriginPro v8.1 software packages.

Raman spectral measurements were carried out using a Horiba Jobin-Yvon LabRam HR800 spectrometer with a 16-bit Peltier cooled CCD detector, coupled to an Olympus BX41 upright microscope. The laser lines used were 473 nm, 532 nm, 660 nm, and 785 nm, in each case with a 300 lines/mm grating. The spectral range employed was 400–3500 cm⁻¹ and the back-scattered Raman signal was typically accumulated for 5 × 4 s. Depending on the measurement, 3–9 spectra were acquired per sample.
Raman measurements of the pure compounds were obtained by measuring a wet paste of the compound at room temperature with a ×60 objective and at the four different laser wavelengths. For the BSA complexes, measurements were performed by focussing into the solutions contained in a polystyrene 96-well plate, using a ×10 objective.
To examine the concentration dependence, various concentrations of the Beta Carotene in BSA solution were further measured at 532 nm while keeping the concentration of BSA constant.