A total of 354 specimens were collected from Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan provinces of China between 1980 and 2010 and stored at the Cryptogamic Herbarium of the Kunming Institute of Botany (HKAS) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Description of the external morphology was based on air-dried material observed under a dissecting microscope (C-PS 1068908; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). To evaluate anatomical variation within the thallus and the apothecia, hand-cut sections were prepared. The anatomy of the specimens was examined with standard light microscopic procedures (BX 50F4; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The microcrystallization and color tests of lichen substances were conducted as described previously [16 ]. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out by a standardized method [17 ] using a DC Platten Kieselgel 60 F254 instrument (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and a three solvent system: Solvent A (benzene : dioxane : acetic acid = 180 : 45 : 5), Solvent B (hexane : methyl tert-butyl ether : formic acid = 140 : 72 : 18), Solvent C (toluene : acetic acid = 200 : 30).
Dc platten kieselgel 60 f254
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
The DC Platten Kieselgel 60 F254 is a type of laboratory equipment used for thin-layer chromatography (TLC). It is a thin, flat plate coated with a layer of silica gel, which acts as the stationary phase in the TLC process. The silica gel is mixed with a fluorescent indicator (F254) that enables the visualization of separated compounds under UV light.
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2 protocols using dc platten kieselgel 60 f254
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Cryptogamic Herbarium Lichen Analysis
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Characterization of Organic Compounds
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All commercial reagents were used without purification. All the anhydrous solvents used are commercial or are conserved on molecular sieves. All reactions sensitive to moisture or oxygen were carried out under argon atmosphere and in flasks dried at 110 °C. Reactions were stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Temperatures for the reactions refer to bath temperatures. Reactions were monitored by TLC (0.2 mm, Merck DC Platten Kieselgel 60 F 254 ) with detection by UV light (λ = 254 nm) and treatment with anisaldehyde and potassium permanganate-stain. Melting points were recorded on an Electrothermal melting point apparatus and are uncorrected.
NMR spectras were acquired on a Bruker DRX-400 spectrometer in CDCl 3 (referenced to 7.26 ppm for 1H and 77.0 ppm for 13 C), (CD 3 ) 2 SO (referenced to 2.50 ppm for 1 H and 39.5 ppm for 13 C) or CD 3 OD (referenced to 3.31 ppm for 1 H and 49 ppm for 13 C) as solvents. Coupling constants (J) are in Hz. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm). The multiplicities of the signals are described using the following abbreviations: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, m = multiplet. High resolution mass spectra were recorded on a Bruker MicroTOF-Q (ESI Q-TOF) spectrometer.
NMR spectras were acquired on a Bruker DRX-400 spectrometer in CDCl 3 (referenced to 7.26 ppm for 1H and 77.0 ppm for 13 C), (CD 3 ) 2 SO (referenced to 2.50 ppm for 1 H and 39.5 ppm for 13 C) or CD 3 OD (referenced to 3.31 ppm for 1 H and 49 ppm for 13 C) as solvents. Coupling constants (J) are in Hz. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm). The multiplicities of the signals are described using the following abbreviations: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, m = multiplet. High resolution mass spectra were recorded on a Bruker MicroTOF-Q (ESI Q-TOF) spectrometer.
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