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9 protocols using ncl l cd4 368

1

Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Profiling of Tissues

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Paraffin blocks were cut into 1 µm-thick sections and fixed onto a poly-L-lysine treated glass slide and then used for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. All sections were stained with H&E following manufacturer’s protocol to achieve correct orientation of the biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using Bond Polymer refine Detection kit on a BOND-MAX Automated IHC/ISH Stainer (Leica Biosystems) following the manufacturer’s protocol. The following antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-human CD19 (NCL-L-CD19-163, Leica Biosystems), rat anti-human CD3 (MCA1477,Bio-Rad), mouse monoclonal anti-human CD4 (NCL-L-CD4-368, Leica Biosystems), mouse monoclonal anti-human CD8 (NCL-L-CD8-4B11, Leica Biosystems), mouse monoclonal anti-human Claudin-1 (ab56417, Abcam), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-Cadherin (36B5) (PA0387, Leica Biosystems), mouse monoclonal anti-human FoxP3 (ab22510, Abcam), mouse monoclonal anti-human γδ-TCR (sc-100289, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse monoclonal anti-human Langerin (ab49730, Abcam), rabbit recombinant monoclonal [EPR20992] to Occludin (ab216327, Abcam), and rabbit polyclonal to Neutrophil Elastase (ab68672, Abcam). Positive and negative controls were included for each experiment.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Endomyocardial Biopsies

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Buffered formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from endomyocardial biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry staining. FFPE tissues were cut into 4-μm-thick sections and stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson’s trichrome stains for morphological observation. The immunohistochemical study was performed using primary antibodies against CD3 (#N1580, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) for T lymphocytes, CD4 (NCL-L-CD4-368, Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany) for helper T lymphocytes, CD8 (NCL-CD8-4B11, Leica Biosystems) for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and CD68 (M0876, Dako) for macrophages. In addition, a commercially available tenascin-C antibody (4F10TT, #10337, Immuno-Biological Laboratory Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan) was also used. We used BOND-III automated immunohistochemical staining system (Leica Microsystems K.K., Tokyo, Japan). After immunostaining, CD3-, CD8-, and CD68-positive cells were counted by two pathologists in a high-power field in the most intensively lymphocyte-infiltrated area. Each sample was classified using the grading system reported by Palaskas et al. [13 (link)].
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Samples

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FFPE pUM and mUM samples were sectioned at 4 μm thickness and underwent antigen retrieval using the Dako pretreatment module (Agilent Technologies UK Ltd, Stockport, UK); slides were then incubated in a high‐pH bath containing Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0 (Dako EnVision™ FLEX, Agilent) at 96°C for 20 min. IHC was performed using a Dako Autostainer PLUS machine, using the Dako EnVision™ FLEX Kit (Agilent) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Slides were incubated with the following antibodies for 30 min: BAP1 (cat. No sc‐28 383/C‐4, dilution 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), CD3 (cat. No IR503/polyclonal, ready to use; Dako Cytomation, CA, USA), CD4 (cat. No NCL‐L‐CD4/368, dilution 1:20; Leica Biosystems, Lincolnshire, IL, USA), CD8 (cat. No M7103/ C8/144B, dilution 1:200; Dako), CD163 (NCL‐L‐CD163/10D6, dilution 1:400; Leica Biosystems), and CD38 (NCL‐L‐CD38‐290/SPC32, dilution 1:100; Leica Biosystems).
The sections were counterstained with haematoxylin. Additional sections were treated with isotype controls at the same concentration as the primary antibodies.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lymphoma

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Biopsies were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization were performed on an automated stainer (BOND-MAX; Leica Biosystems). The presence of EBV was demonstrated by in situ hybridization with a probe for small RNA–encoding regions 1 and 2 (EBERs) probe (Dako). Antibodies used were anti-CD3 (polyclonal rabbit, CD3ε, A0452; Dako, Agilent Technologies), CD4 (monoclonal IgG1k mouse, NCL-L-CD4-368; Leica Biosystems), CD8 (monoclonal mouse IgG1k, C8/144B; Dako), CD20 (monoclonal mouse IgG2ak, L26; Dako), and anti-CD79a (monoclonal mouse IgG1k, JCB117; Dako).
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5

Immunoblot and Immunohistochemistry Analyses

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Antibodies and concentrations used: pThr18/Ser19-MLC2 (#3674; 1:750, immunoblot), pSer19-MLC2 (#3671; 1:50, immunohistochemistry; 1:200, immunofluorescence), MLC2 (#3672; 1:750), pT202/Y204-p44/42 (ERK1/2) (#4370; 1:1,000), pY705-STAT3 (#9145; 1:750), PD-L1 (clone E1L3N, #13684, 1:200) from Cell Signaling Technology; STAT3 (sc-482; 1:500), ERK2 (sc-154; 1:1,000), MCL-1 (sc-819; 1:1,000), GFP (sc-8334; 1:1,000) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; GAPDH (MAB374; 1:10,000) from Millipore; P-H2A.X (S139) (ab2893;1:1000), CD206 (ab64693; 1:1,000), CD3 (anti-mouse, ab134096; 1:500), CD4 (anti-mouse, clone I3T4, ab183685; 1:300), FoxP3 (anti-human, clone 236A/E7, ab20034; 1:200) from Abcam; F4/80 (anti-mouse, clone BM8, MF48000, 1:1000), CD8a (anti-mouse, clone Ly2, 14-0808-82; 1:200), FoxP3 (anti-mouse, clone FJK-16s, 14-5773-82; 1:200) from Invitrogen; CD4 (anti-human, clone 11E9, NCL-L-CD4-368; 1:300) from Novocastra.
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6

Immunohistochemical Profiling of T-Cell Subsets

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Antigen retrieval was performed on freshly cut sections using a decloaking chamber for 5 min at 125 °C in TRIS buffer (pH 9.0). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubation with 3% peroxide at room temperature for 8 min. IHC was performed using the following antibodies:
• Pan T-cells were detected with a CD3 antibody (Dako A0452) at a 1:200 dilution. • T-helper cells were detected with a CD4 antibody (Novocastra NCL-L-CD4-368) at a 1:100 dilution.
• Cytotoxic T cells were detected with a CD8 antibody (Dako M7103) at a 1:100 dilution. • T regulatory cells (Tregs) were detected with a FOXP3 antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific 14-4777-82) at a 1:100 dilution.
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Immune Markers in Glioblastoma

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Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method according to the manufacturer's protocol (Vectastain, PK-4004, Vector Laboratories; Burlingame, CA, USA). FFPE sections from GBM patients (n = 158) were immunostained with the following antibodies according to standard protocols: mouse anti-human cytomegalovirus clone CCH2+ DDG9 detecting IE-1 protein (IR75261-2), rabbit anti-human CD3 (A0452, Dako; Carpinteria, CA, USA), CD4 (NCLL-CD4-368, Novocastra), CD8α (M7103, Dako), and mouse anti-human NKp46 (LS-B2105/10193, BioSite; San Diego, CA). Human tonsil tissue was used for a positive control, and primary antibody (MOC-31, sc-52344, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Dallas, TX, USA) was used as the negative control. For IE-1, placental tissue from a known HCMV+ patient was used as the positive control. CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ cells were quantified by morphometry, using NIS-Elements BR v4 software (400 × magnification, Nikon), and the results were presented as a percentage of the total number of positive cells in a minimum of 4 randomly selected fields representing hot spots for each section analyzed. Tumors were designated positive or negative for HCMV antigens based on the presence or absence of immunolabelled cells.
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8

Balloon-Assisted Endoscopy for Intestinal Abnormalities

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For patients with persisting symptoms in which the CE examination identified severe significant abnormalities, a subsequent balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE) was performed as a therapeutic intervention or for diagnostic biopsy, where necessary. To reveal the association between villous atrophy and HIV infection, the expression of intestinal CD4+ T cells was examined using duodenal specimens and immunohistochemistry staining (NCL-L-CD4-368; Novocastra, Newcastle, United Kingdom).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Immune Infiltrates

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FUS-targeted peritumoral or tumoral tissues were collected during tumor resection 7 days after sonication. Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded methods were used to prepare 4-μm-thick sections for IHC analysis. Anti-CD4 antibody (Novocastra, NCL-L-CD4-368) was used to identify helper T lymphocytes (CD3+/CD4+ HTL); anti-CD8 antibody (Abcam, ab17147) was used to specifically bind to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+/CD8+ CTL). FOXP3 marker (eBiocsience, 14-4777) was used for regulatory T cells (Tregs). Anti-CD68 antibody (Abcam, ab955) was applied for macrophages.
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