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2 protocols using phospho erk44 42

1

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Protein concentrations were measured with a BCA assay kit (Beyotime, Shanghai China). Equal amounts of denatured protein were subjected to 10% SDS-PAGE and blotted onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Antibodies against ST6Gal-I (Santa Cruz Biotech, USA), BACE1, VE-Cadherin, phospho-PKCδ, PKCδ, phospho-MEK1/2, MEK1/2, phospho-ERK44/42, ERK44/42 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and β-actin (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) were used as primary antibodies, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat α-rabbit IgG (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used as the secondary antibody. Detection was performed using an ECL kit (Millipore, USA), according to manufacturer’s instructions. The relative amount of protein was determined by densitometry using Labworks software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Proteins

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Protein expression was investigated by western blot analysis using 10–40 μg of total protein. Tissue was homogenized, cells were pelleted. Cell lysis was performed (Cell lysis buffer, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and protein electrophoresis initiated. Proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, blocked with 5% milk in TBS-Tween, and probed overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: SMAD7 (rabbit anti-mouse, Invitrogen, USA), PTEN (rabbit anti-mouse, Abcam), Foxo3a (rabbit anti-mouse, Cell signaling Technology), phospho-AKT (ser) (rabbit anti-mouse, Cell signaling Technology), AKT (rabbit anti-mouse, Cell signaling Technology), phospho-ERK (44/42) (rabbit anti-mouse, Cell signaling Technology), ERK (rabbit anti-mouse, Cell signaling Technology). Antibody binding was visualized by chemiluminescence (Super-Signal West Pico Chemiluminescent, Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). Rabbit anti-mouse glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; Sigma-Aldrich) was used as an internal loading control and for normalization of protein quantification. Immunoblots were scanned and quantified using ImageJ densitometry software. Recombinant OPN was purchased at RnD systems (USA). The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
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