Wet milling process was performed using a planetary ball mill (PM.100 CM, from Retsch, Haan, Germany), Hardened steel vial (500 cc), Hardened steel balls (5 mm in diameter). Graphite powders (Sigma Aldrich, <20 µm, Schnelldorf, Germany) were milled at which the weight of the milled Graphite powders was 10 g, and the weight of the milling balls was 500 g, then, the ball to powder ratio was 50:1 (i.e. B/P = 50). The milling speed was 400 rpm, and the milling time was 60 h. The Graphite powders were milled in the presence of both kerosene (commercially available, from ExxonMobil company, Cairo, Egypt), and 2-ethylhexanol (⩾99.6%, Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). The prepared samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 20 min to be separated from the solvent. Heat treatment of the prepared samples was performed in a tube furnace under the flow of argon gas for 3 h at 600 °C. Structural characterizations were performed via X-ray diffraction (XRD- PANalytical’s X’Pert PRO diffractometer, Almelo, Netherlands), and Raman spectroscopy (Bruker Senterra instrument, Ettlingen, Germany, with a laser of 532 nm). On the other hand, Morphological characteristics of Graphite powders and the prepared graphene sheets were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (Quanta FEG 250 (FEI, Hillsboro, USA), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM-JOEL-JEM-2100, Tokyo, Japan).
Graphite powder
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India, United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Malaysia, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe
Graphite powder is a fine, black, crystalline powder made from pure carbon. It is a versatile material with various industrial applications, serving as a crucial component in numerous laboratory equipment and processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (48 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (35 mentions)
Potassium permanganate, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (29 mentions)
Kmno4, by Merck Group (22 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Sodium nitrate, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Potassium permanganate kmno4, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Nano3, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Sulfuric acid h2so4, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Paraffin oil, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (8 mentions)
Mineral oil, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
258 protocols using graphite powder
1
Graphene Synthesis via Ball Milling
2
Electrochemical Characterization of MWCNT Composites
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pyrrole (99%) was obtained from ACROS Organics and was purified by distillation prior to usage. Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4; purum p.a. 98%), potassium ferri/ferrocyanide (K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O; ACS reagent ≥99%), MWCNTs with an outside diameter of 6–13 nm and a length of 2.5–20 μm, graphite powder with the particle size less than 20 μm, paraffin oil, graphite powder with the size of particles <20 μm, copper(II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) were obtained from SIGMA-ALDRICH. Nitric acid (HNO3; 68%) was procured from AnalaR NORMAPUR and sulfuric acid (H2SO4; 98%) from Fluka. Potassium chloride (KCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (98%), and ethanol (99.98%) were obtained from VWR PROLABO CHEMICALS.
3
Graphite-based Nanocomposite Synthesis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Graphite powder (<50
μm), NaNO3, H2SO4 (98%), KMnO4, HCl (37%), H2O2 (30%), 3,5-diaminobenzoic
acid (DABA), AlCl3, Pb(CH3COO)2,
NH4OH, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
μm), NaNO3, H2SO4 (98%), KMnO4, HCl (37%), H2O2 (30%), 3,5-diaminobenzoic
acid (DABA), AlCl3, Pb(CH3COO)2,
NH4OH, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
4
Graphite-based Oxide Synthesis Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Without further purification, we used all chemical compounds exactly as they were given to us. Graphite powder (<150 m, 99.9%) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, ACS reagent, 95.0–98.0%) (Sigma Aldrich), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, ACS reagent, 99.0%) (Sigma Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ACS reagent, 37%) (Sigma Aldrich), citric acid (CA, C6H8O7, ≥99.5%) (Sigma Aldrich), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) (Merk, Rahway, NJ, USA).
5
Graphene Nanosheets Electrode Fabrication
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Graphene nanosheets (GNS) were prepared from a graphite powder (99.998%, Sigma-Aldrich) following the modified Hummers method.26 (link) The physico-chemical characterization of GNS is described in our previous paper.27 (link) The preparation of the electrode was made by mixing 75 wt% of graphene, 15 wt% of carbon black (XC72), 5 wt% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC: 2 wt% in water) and 5 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE 60 wt% in water). The resulting slurry was pasted onto an aluminium disc and dried under vacuum at 353 K for 12 h. In a second step, the active material was moistened several times in anhydrous acetonitrile for at least 6 h, to totally replace the structural water by acetonitrile, and dried at 373 K for 12 h under vacuum. Finally, the electrode material was impregnated by 50 μL of ILs under vacuum at 343 K for 24 h. The cells were assembled into symmetric Swagelock-type holders. The electrodes were separated by a glass microfiber filter (Whatman 934-AH) disc (diameters of 125 mm), which was drenched with 100 μL of ILs.
6
Graphite Powder Dispersion with Pluronic P-123
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Graphite powder (size ≤ 20 µm, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) dispersions were stabilized with Pluronic P-123 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Graphite powder (Gt) and Pluronic P-123 (P-123) at final concentrations of 1000 µg mL−1 and 0.5% (w/w), respectively, were dispersed in deionized water and then sonicated for 10 min using an ultrasonic bath (ATM40-3LCD, Ovan, Barcelona, Spain) to obtain stable dispersions.
7
Synthesis of Graphite-Based Hybrid Materials
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Graphite powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Indium nitrate (In(NO3)3·xH2O, 99.9%) and 2-Aminoterephthalic acid (H2ATA, H2NC6H3-1,4-(CO2H)2, 98%), palladium(ii ) chloride (PdCl2, 60%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Co. Ltd., lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2, 99%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.8%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98%), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37.0%), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, 99%), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85%), ethanol (CH3CH2OH, 99.7%), ethylene glycol (EG, 99.5%), isopropyl alcohol (CH3CHOHCH3, 99.7%), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%) were purchased from Sinopharm chemical reagent Co. Ltd. Nafion (5%) was purchased from Aladdin. All reagents were analytical pure (AR) and directly used in this experiment.
8
Tissue-Mimicking Phantom Fabrication
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Tissue mimicking phantoms were prepared using agar powder (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA). Titanium (IV) oxide, anatase powder (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) was added to provide acoustic contrast and enhance the optical scattering properties of the agar. The preparation was done by slowly adding 1% wt./vol. of agar powder and 1% wt./vol. of TiO2 powder into continually stirred deionized water at ambient conditions to avoid clumps. The final solution was then heated above 80° C, above the melting temperature of agar, and exposed to a vacuum level of about 0.1 atm for 5 min to degas the solution and cooled it down to room temperature to obtain the final phantom. A cylindrical light-absorbing lesion with acoustic scatterers was prepared in a similar aforementioned method. Additionally, 0.5% wt./vol. graphite powder (<20 μm, synthetic graphite, Sigma Aldrich Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) and 0.5% wt./vol. TiO2 powder were added. The concentration of the absorbing and scattering particles was chosen to mimic tumor tissue with an absorption coefficient (~0.2 cm−1) and reduced scattering coefficient (~10 cm−1 ) as previously reported in the literature [46 (link),47 (link),48 (link),49 ,50 (link),51 (link)].
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pyrrole monomer (C4H5N) (99%), ferric chloride (FeCl3) (97%), tin(iv ) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) (98%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (99%) graphite powder (99.99%), and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), activated carbon, nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) (98%) were purchased from Merck Chemicals. All the reagents were used as received without any purification. Ultra-pure water was used throughout the experiments, which was obtained using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Milford MA, USA).
10
Graphite Oxide Synthesis via Modified Hummer's Method
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Graphite
oxide (GO) was prepared using a modification of Hummer’s method.56 Briefly, 5.0 g of graphite powder (20–40
μm, Sigma Aldrich) and 7.5 g of sodium nitrate (99.5% NaNO3, QREC) were mixed with 500 mL of sulfuric acid solution (98%
H2SO4, QREC) and kept under stirring using a
magnetic stirrer. Afterward, 40.0 g of potassium permanganate (99%
KMnO4, Ajax Finechem) was gently added to this mixture,
and the resulting solution was continuously stirred for 24 h. Deionized
water (500 mL) was diluted into the mixture, and 150 mL of hydrogen
peroxide (30% H2O2, Merck) was then added dropwise
to the diluted mixture while maintaining a vigorous agitation for
24 h. Note that, as these last two steps constitute an exothermic
reaction, an ice bath is required to maintain the reaction temperature.
Then, the as-synthesized product was washed with deionized water several
times in order to remove residual acid and other organic impurities.
The prepared GO was collected by centrifugation at 9000 rpm and eventually
dried at 50 °C for 24 h.
oxide (GO) was prepared using a modification of Hummer’s method.56 Briefly, 5.0 g of graphite powder (20–40
μm, Sigma Aldrich) and 7.5 g of sodium nitrate (99.5% NaNO3, QREC) were mixed with 500 mL of sulfuric acid solution (98%
H2SO4, QREC) and kept under stirring using a
magnetic stirrer. Afterward, 40.0 g of potassium permanganate (99%
KMnO4, Ajax Finechem) was gently added to this mixture,
and the resulting solution was continuously stirred for 24 h. Deionized
water (500 mL) was diluted into the mixture, and 150 mL of hydrogen
peroxide (30% H2O2, Merck) was then added dropwise
to the diluted mixture while maintaining a vigorous agitation for
24 h. Note that, as these last two steps constitute an exothermic
reaction, an ice bath is required to maintain the reaction temperature.
Then, the as-synthesized product was washed with deionized water several
times in order to remove residual acid and other organic impurities.
The prepared GO was collected by centrifugation at 9000 rpm and eventually
dried at 50 °C for 24 h.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!