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39 protocols using hsd athymic nude foxn1nu

1

Xenograft Tumor Growth Monitoring

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CUTC48 cells (107) were injected into the flanks of 5 athymic nu/nu mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu (069) from Envigo), 5 SCID/Beige mice (C.B-17/IcrHsd-PrkdcscidLystbg-J from Envigo), or 3 NOD/RAGKO/IL-2RgammaKO mice (NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1MomIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (#007799) from Jackson Laboratory) using high concentration Matrigel (Corning #354248) 1:1 with RPMI 1640 (#11875119; Gibco Life Technologies), as previously described (36 (link)). Growth was monitored over 97 days (nude and SCID mice) or 6 months (NOD/RAGKO/IL-2RgammaKO). CUTC5 cells (5 × 106) were injected into the flanks of 3 NSG mice (NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1MomIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (#007799) from Jackson Laboratory) using high concentration Matrigel 1:1 with RPMI 1640. Tumor growth was monitored, and caliper measurements taken over 42 days. CUTC60 cells (106) were injected into the flanks of 5 athymic nude mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu (069) from Envigo) using high concentration Matrigel 1:1 with RPMI 1640. Tumor growth was monitored, and caliper measurements taken over 42 days. Final tumor volumes were calculated as described above using measurements taken from excised tumors.
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2

Generating Tfam+/- Mice and Cell Lines

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The Tfam+/− mice were originally derived from Tfamflox mice obtained from Dr. Navdeep Chandel (Northwestern University) and generated as described previously4 (link),29 (link). The Stat1−/− mice30 (link) and female athymic nu/nu mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu, Envigo, Huntingdon, UK) were purchased from Jackson Labs (Stock No.012606). All animal husbandry and procedures were IACUC approved by the animal care and use committees at Yale University or the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
MC-38 colon cancer cells were purchased from ATCC. Mouse YUMMER1.7 melanoma cells were obtained from Dr. Marcus Bosenberg’s (Yale University). Mouse LM thymidine kinase- (LMTK-) cells were obtained from David Clayton (Stanford University). 293FT cells were purchased from ATCC and Lenti-x 293T cells were purchased from Takara CloneTech.
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3

Tracking Tumor Spread in Nude Mice

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Female athymic nude mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu), aged 6-8 weeks, were obtained from Envigo (Jerusalem, Israel). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tel Aviv University approved all experimental protocols (permit: 01-20-033). WM3314-LUC or WM3682 cells were transfected with the indicated miRNA mimic or control three times in the in vitro culture, and 1 × 10 6 cells were injected subcutaneously near the base of the ear in athymic nude mice. Mice were imaged using the IVIS Spectrum In Vivo Imaging System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) to track the spread of tumor in vivo as previously described (Golan et al.,
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4

Intracranial Glioma Models and Toca 511/5-FC Therapy

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All animal protocols and experiments were approved by the UCLA or Explora institutional
animal care and use committees. Six- to 8-week-old female nude mice (Hsd:Athymic
Nude-Foxn1nu; Envigo) or B6C3F1/J mice (Jackson Laboratory) were bred
and maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. To establish intracranial gliomas,
U-87 (1 × 105) or Tu-2449 (1 × 104) cells were stereotactically
injected into the right frontal lobe in mice, as described previously.8 (link) In U-87 tumor models, Toca 511 (low dose:
3.4 × 104 transducing units [TU] or high dose: 2 × 106 TU) was given
by stereotactic injection on day 5, and daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of
5-FC (500 mg/kg once daily or twice daily) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was started
on day 18 for 7 consecutive days. This 7-day cycle was repeated at intervals of every 1–2
weeks. In Tu-2449 tumor model studies conducted at UCLA, Toca 511 (2 × 106 TU)
was given by stereotactic injection on day 4, and daily i.p. administration of 5-FC or PBS
was started on day 10 for 7 consecutive days. This cycle was repeated at intervals of
every 10 days. In independent Tu-2449 studies conducted at Tocagen, Toca 511 was
administered as above at 3 × 106 TU followed by 4 cycles of 5-FC administered
twice a day for 4 days every 2 weeks, or at a lower dose (1.6 × 104 TU), and
continuous 5-FC administered once a day for 14 or 21 consecutive days.
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5

Orthotopic Thyroid Tumor Model in Mice

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All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the animal protocol procedures approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Colorado Denver (Aurora, CO). Athymic nude mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu (069) from Envigo or in-house breeding for the CUTC60 and CUTC61 cells), SCID/Beige mice (C.B-17/IcrHsd-PrkdcscidLystbg-J from Envigo), or NRG mice (NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1MomIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (#007799) from The Jackson Laboratory) were anesthetized with tribromoethanol (250 mg/kg), and the indicated thyroid cancer cells (5 × 105 in a 5 μL cell suspension) were injected into the right thyroid gland with the aid of a dissecting microscope (Nikon SMZ645), and the skin closed with staples, as previously described (33 (link)–35 (link)). Growth was monitored for the indicated days. Final thyroid tumor size for excised tumors was measured with calipers and volume was calculated using the following formula: tumor volume = (length x width x height)*0.5236.
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6

Xenograft Tumor Growth Assay for PRR11

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All mice were maintained according to the guidelines of the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Eight-week old female ovariectomized athymic mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu, Envigo) were implanted with a 14-day release 17β-estradiol pellet (0.17 mg, Innovative Research of America). The following day, 107 MCF7 cells stably expressing a doxycycline-inducible control or PRR11 shRNA were suspended in IMEM and growth factor reduced Matrigel (BD Biosciences) at a 1:1 ratio and then injected subcutaneously into the right flank of each mouse. Approximately 4 weeks later, mice bearing tumors measuring ≥250 mm3 were randomized to treatment with vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or doxycycline (10 mg/kg/daily, by intraperitoneal injection). Tumor diameters were measured with calipers weekly and tumor volume was calculated with the formula: volume = width2 × length/2. After 4 weeks, tumors were harvested and homogenized using TissueLyser II (Qiagen) for subsequent immunoblot analysis.
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7

Xenograft Tumor Modeling with TMZ and TAL

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All animal experiments were preapproved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and conducted in accordance with IACUC guidelines. Xenografts were established in female athymic nude mice (Hsd:athymic Nude-Foxn1nu, ages 6–7 weeks; Envigo, Indianapolis, IN) as previously described (15 (link), 16 ). Mice with established tumors were randomized into treatment groups. Treatment arms included placebo, a range of TMZ dosing schedules (5–50 mg/kg, days 1 to 5, repeated every 14 or 28 days), a range of TAL (0.025 or 0.15 mg/kg, days 1 to 5, repeated every 14 or 28 days) or a TAL/TMZ combination. Heterotopic flank tumors were measured thrice weekly, and mice were euthanized when tumor volume exceeded 2000 mm3. Mice with intracranial xenografts were observed daily and euthanized upon reaching a moribund state.
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8

Palbociclib Treatment in Nude Mice

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The experimental procedure was approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation at the Parc Cientific de Barcelona and by the Government of Catalunya. Nude mice (Hsd:athymic nude-Foxn1nu) were purchased from Envigo. The animals were kept under a 12–12 h light-dark cycle and allowed unrestricted access to food and water. 106 SK-MEL-103 cells were injected subcutaneously in the dorsolateral flank of 8-week old male athymic nude mice. When tumours became visible at day 8–10 after injection, the mice were randomly assigned to the control or treated experimental groups. Treated mice received 100 mg/kg palbociclib in 50 mM sodium lactate by oral gavage for seven days. Control mice received vehicle only. Once the treatment was complete, the mice were euthanized. The tumours were extracted, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours at 4°C and embedded in paraffin for further processing.
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9

Xenograft Tumor Establishment and Measurement

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Tumor xenografts were established using SK‐MEL‐103 or NCI‐H226 cell lines. Cells were trypsinized, counted with a haemocytometer, and injected subcutaneously (106 cells in a volume of 100 μl per dorsolateral flank) in 8‐ to 10‐week‐old athymic nude female mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude‐Foxn1nu) purchased from Envigo. Tumor volume was measured every 2 days with a caliper and calculated as V = (a × b2)/2 where a is the longer and b is the shorter of two perpendicular diameters.
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10

Xenograft and PDX Models for Prexasertib

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Under protocols approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, xenograft studies were performed according to the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. In brief, 4- to 5-week old nude mice (HSD:Athymic nude-Foxn1nu, Envigo) were implanted subcutaneously with radiofrequency identification chips along the neck and 100 μl of a 1:1 slurry containing Matrigel (BD Bioscience) and 5 × 106 washed, log phase ML-1 or U937 cells in the right flank. When the neoplastic implants reached an average volume of 100 mm3, mice were randomized to receive diluent [(2-hydroxypropyl) β-cyclodextrin, 45% w/v solution in water] or prexasertib (10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg as indicated in the figure legends) at 12-hour intervals on days 1–3, 8–10, 15–17 and 22–24 (9 (link)). Alternatively, 4- to 5-week old female NSGS mice were inoculated intravenously with 5 × 106 marrow cells from founder mice with the Ph+ ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and randomized to treatment with diluent or prexasertib 15 mg/kg on the schedule described above beginning on day 40 after inoculation. Animals were sacrificed when implants exceeded 1000 mm3 or body conditioning score dropped below 6.
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