2 propanol hplc

Chemicals used in this study are: EtOH 96% ANALAR, 1-BuOH ANALAR and 2-propanol HPLC grade from VWR international GmbH. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cell culture grade, chloramphenicol molecular biology grade, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), kanamycin sulphate, ampicillin sodium salt, and glucose monohydrate from PanReac AppliChem. MeOH and acetone were analysis grade, phenol was synthesis grade, acetate 100% and glycerol analysis grade from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Glyphosate, Roundup® Gran 420 g/kg as sodium salt from Monsanto, Germany. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) electrophoresis grade from BioRad. Fructose ≥99% from Sigma-Aldrich. Furfural 99% from Acros Organics.

Phenol (99.5%, Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used as the pollutant in the photocatalytic degradation tests. Synthetic air (20.5 ± 0.5 vol% O₂, Air Liquide, Berlin, Germany) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30 wt%, Fisher Chemical, Schwerte, Germany) were used as the oxygen sources. For the immobilization of the photocatalysts onto the steel plates, a silica binder prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 1-propanol (99.5%, Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 2-propanol (HPLC, VWR Chemicals, Dresden, Germany), and Levasil (Obermeier, Bad Berleburg, Germany) was used. As eluents in the HPLC analysis, acetonitrile (ACN, HPLC, VWR Chemicals, Dresden, Germany) and ultrapure water (Synergy UV system, Burlington, MA, USA) were used. As commercial titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysts, P25 (99.5%, Evonik, Essen, Germany), P90 (100%, Evonik, Essen, Germany), PC105 (100%, Millenium/Cristal ACTivTM, Thann, France), and PC500 (100%, Millenium/Cristal ACTivTM, Thann, France) were investigated. All photocatalysts have been extensively characterized in our previous publications and the main characteristics are summarized in Table 1.