Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 23.0 Package (IBM Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Continuous variables were tested for normal distribution using Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s test. Normally distributed data were presented as mean±SD and were compared by Student’s t-test. Non-normally distributed data were presented as a median (first quartile, third quartile) and compared by Mann–Whitney U-test. Categorical variables were reported as a percentage and compared using χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. A two-sided P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Spss 23.0 package
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS 23.0 is a comprehensive statistical software package designed for data analysis and reporting. It provides a wide range of statistical techniques and tools for researchers, analysts, and decision-makers. The core function of SPSS 23.0 is to enable users to efficiently manage, analyze, and visualize data from various sources.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using spss 23.0 package
1
Statistical Analysis in Clinical Research
2
Statistical Analysis of Sinusitis Biomarkers
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Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency and percentage for categorical variables, as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, and with their median (min–max) values or non-normally distributed variables. The assumption of normality was checked using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Pearson’s Chi-square test was employed to analyze the relationships between categorical variables. In the analysis of the difference between the measurement values of the two groups, the Mann–Whitney U test was used when it did not fit the normal distribution, and the Student’s t test when it did. The difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements was analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. ROC (Receiver-Operating Characteristic) analysis was performed to differentiate the patients according to their preoperative serum periostin and tissue periostin values and to determine the cutoff points while predicting the presence of sinusitis in patients, and the results were provided with the area under curve (AUC), cutoff points, sensitivity and specificity values. The Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the correlation between continuous variables. All analyzes were performed with the IBM SPSS 23.0 package program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
3
Statistical Analysis of Research Data
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SPSS 23.0 package program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used for statistical analysis of the data. Categorical measurements were presented as number and percentage while continuous measurements were expressed as mean and standard deviation (median and minimum-maximum, where necessary). Chi-Square test and Fischer’s precision test were used to compare categorical variables. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to determine whether the parameters in the study showed normal distribution. In comparing the continuous measurements between the groups, the distributions were checked, and independent Student t-test was used for the parameters with normal distribution, Mann Whitney U test was used for the parameters not showing normal distribution, and Kruskall Wallis test was used for more than two variables. The relationship between quantitative variables was examined with Pearson and Spearmean correlation analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check if the means of two or more groups are significantly different from each other. The optimal cut-off value was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The level of statistical significance was accepted as 0.05 in all tests.
4
Statistical Analysis of Research Data
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SPSS 23.0 package software was used to evaluate the data obtained in the research. In order to compare categorical variables between groups, χ2 and/or Fisher’s exact test was used. The t-test was utilized in independent groups in order to compare continuous variables between two groups, whereas One-Way Variance Analysis technique was utilized to investigate the difference between more than two groups. Frequency and percentage values were used for categorical variables in order to summarize the results of analysis, whereas average ± standard deviation, median minimum and maximum values were used in order to summarize the continuous data. For a statistical significance level, p < 0.05 was used.
5
Statistical Analysis of Categorical and Continuous Data
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The SPSS 23.0 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. Categorical measurements are presented as numbers and percentages, and continuous measurements are presented as means and standard deviations (median and minimum-maximum where necessary). The chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables with variables such as surgery type. The statistical significance level was considered to be less than 0.05 in all tests.
6
Weight Correlation and Regression Analysis
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The data were analyzed through SPSS 23.0 package software. The suitability of the data to normal distribution was analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. It was determined that the data did not match the normal distribution. Weight, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation tests and regression analysis were used in a statistical analysis of the research. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05.
7
Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Variables
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Normality of quantitative variables distribution was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The significance of the relationship between two categorical variables was analyzed with χ2 test. The significance of differences between groups for non-normally distributed variables was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Friedmans test was used to detect differences in treatments across multiple test attempts and the difference between baseline and follow up visit was tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The statistically significant level was defined as P<0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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