Aminoguanidine hcl

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Aminoguanidine-HCl is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It functions as a precursor for the synthesis of various compounds and intermediates. The core purpose of Aminoguanidine-HCl is to serve as a building block for chemical reactions and research applications, without any specific interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.

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5 protocols using aminoguanidine hcl

Antiglycation Activity Evaluation of Iridoids

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Phosphate buffer (193 mM KH₂PO₄, 73.4 mM Na₂CO₃, pH 7.2) was purchased from 3M (Saint Paul, MN). Deacetylasperulosidic acid was purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Pharmaceuticals (Chengdu, China). Loganic acid was purchased from ChromaDex (Irvine, California). Aminoguanidine HCl, bovine serum albumin (BSA), fructose, and glucose monohydrate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
To measure antiglycation activity, a previously described Maillard reaction-based method was followed, but with some modification [34 (link)]. Aminoguanidine, the positive control, and the iridoids were evaluated at concentrations ranging from 1.25 mM to 5 mM. This was done by incubating the control and samples for four days, at 58 ± 2°C, in 1 mL Phosphate buffered BSA solution (10 mg/mL) containing 25 mM fructose, 25 mM glucose, and 0.02% sodium azide. Reference blanks were also prepared. Many AGEs contain fluorophores which are useful for detection [14 (link)]. Following incubation, fluorescence intensities of the blanks, positive control, and samples were measured with a microplate reader, at 360 nm excitation and 460 nm emission. Samples were evaluated in triplicate. For each sample, the minimum concentration that inhibited 50% of glycation (IC₅₀) was calculated from the results.

West B.J., Uwaya A., Isami F., Deng S., Nakajima S, & Jensen C.J. (2014). Antiglycation Activity of Iridoids and Their Food Sources. International Journal of Food Science, 2014, 276950.

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Phosphatidylcholine Binding and Assays

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Phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (PC) (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl buffer) (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sodium phosphate buffer (PBS) (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), pyrene (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), eosin Y (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), glucose oxidase (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), catalase (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), bovine serum albumin fraction V (BSA) (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), aminoguanidine-HCl (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), D,L-glyceraldehyde (Sigma–Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), D-glucose (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), and NADPH (Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany) were used.
TNIC-ThS (Na₂[Fe₂(S₂O₃)₂(NO)₄] 4H₂O) was synthesized according to the procedure described in the work [22 (link)].

Faingold I.I., Soldatova Y.V., Poletaeva D.A., Klimanova E.N, & Sanina N.A. (2023). Influence of Nitrosyl Iron Complex with Thiosulfate Ligands on Therapeutically Important Targets Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Membranes, 13(7), 615.

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Systemic and Peripheral Methylglyoxal Administration

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For systemic methylglyoxal (MGO) administration, MGO (Sigma; 40% by weight in water) was diluted in sterile saline to a working concentration of 28.8 ng/μl (pH 7.0). Mice received a single intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of either sterile saline or 720 ng methylglyoxal in saline [6 (link)].
For peripheral MGO administration, MGO was diluted in sterile saline to a working concentration of 1.5 μg/μl (pH 7.0). In in vitro MGO-scavenging experiments, equimolar concentrations of acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, or aminoguanidine HCl (Sigma; St. Louis) were incubated with MGO for 18 hours at 4°C. Mice then received 30 μg of the resultant mixture by 20 μl intraplantar injection [18 (link)].

Enders J.D., Thomas S., Swanson M.T., Ryals J.M, & Wright D.E. (2022). A ketogenic diet prevents methylglyoxal-evoked nociception by scavenging methylglyoxal. Pain, 163(12), e1207-e1216.

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Antioxidant Capacity Assessment Protocol

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L-Carnosine, aminoguanidine HCl, sodium azide, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), copper (II) chloride, sorbitol, ammonium acetate, α-crystallin from bovine eye lens, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, UK. Ascorbic acid, glutathione, and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from TCI, Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) was purchased from Acros Organics, New Jersey, USA. 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine) and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and used as received.

Abdelkader H., Longman M., Alany R.G, & Pierscionek B. (2016). On the Anticataractogenic Effects of L-Carnosine: Is It Best Described as an Antioxidant, Metal-Chelating Agent or Glycation Inhibitor?. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 3240261.

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Protein Labeling via Click Chemistry

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Cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the pellets lysed in lysis buffer (1% NP-40, 100 mM NaCl, 50 mM HEPES pH 7.2). Following centrifugation (10 min, 16,000 × g, 4 °C), supernatants were supplemented with 50 µM TAMRA-azide (Jena Bioscience, CLK-FA008-1), 5 mM sodium ascorbate (Sigma–Aldrich, A7631), 5 mM aminoguanidine-HCl (Sigma–Aldrich, 396494), 0.1 mM CuSO4 (Sigma–Aldrich, PHR1477), and 0.5 mM THPTA (Jena Bioscience, CLK-1010-25), with gentle vortexing. The reaction mixtures were incubated at RT for 30 min, light protected. For gel electrophoresis, 4× LDS-sample buffer was added. Samples were resolved by SDS-PAGE. In-gel fluorescence was recorded using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad Laboratories; Hercules, CA, USA) equipped with 695/55 (Cy5, for visualization of the Precision Plus Protein Standard, Bio-Rad) and 605/50 (Cy3/TAMRA) filters and coupled to Image Lab v 5.0 analysis software (Bio-Rad).

Giovannucci T.A., Salomons F.A., Haraldsson M., Elfman L.H., Wickström M., Young P., Lundbäck T., Eirich J., Altun M., Jafari R., Gustavsson A.L., Johnsen J.I, & Dantuma N.P. (2021). Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by an NQO1-activatable compound. Cell Death & Disease, 12(10), 914.

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